Kulturna industrija YouTubea

Rad analizira YouTubeov model poslovanja, sadržaj i kulturu nastalu iz njega kroz model opisan u eseju Kulturna industrija: Prosvjetiteljstvo kao masovna obmana (1947.) Theodorea W. Adorna, izlaže pregled procesa stvaranja videa i problema koji pritom nastaju te kritizira formulaičnost tog sadržaja, nastalu kulturnu klimu i specifične probleme vezane uz društvene mreže i medij videa koji pritom nastaju. Zaključuje da iako Adornov model ne može u potpunosti opisati sve aspekte multimedije u internetskom dobu, zato što se isprva odnosio na film i radio, devijacije su prividne i ne mijenjaju srž teze da komercijalizacija medija direktno potiče konformizam i ima za cilj pripitomiti gledaoca. Ne osuđuje YouTube ni njegove gledatelje, već kritizira komercijalistički sustav koji je prouzročio današnje stanje te platforme

Kulturna industrija YouTubea

Rad analizira YouTubeov model poslovanja, sadržaj i kulturu nastalu iz njega kroz model opisan u eseju Kulturna industrija: Prosvjetiteljstvo kao masovna obmana (1947.) Theodorea W. Adorna, izlaže pregled procesa stvaranja videa i problema koji pritom nastaju te kritizira formulaičnost tog sadržaja, nastalu kulturnu klimu i specifične probleme vezane uz društvene mreže i medij videa koji pritom nastaju. Zaključuje da iako Adornov model ne može u potpunosti opisati sve aspekte multimedije u internetskom dobu, zato što se isprva odnosio na film i radio, devijacije su prividne i ne mijenjaju srž teze da komercijalizacija medija direktno potiče konformizam i ima za cilj pripitomiti gledaoca. Ne osuđuje YouTube ni njegove gledatelje, već kritizira komercijalistički sustav koji je prouzročio današnje stanje te platforme

Razvojna sposobnost nezrelih goveđih jajnih stanica i kvaliteta zametaka podrijetlom od klaoničkih jajnika i živih davateljica

The aim of this research was to compare the developmental competence of oocytes recovered from slaughterhouse ovaries (SO) and those recovered in vivo by ovum pick up (OPU). OPU was performed in 6 donor heifers synchronized with PGF2α and stimulated with pFSH, twice a day for two days. OPU was repeated once a week for six consecutive weeks. The control group consisted of slaughterhouse-derived oocytes. The number of aspirated follicles, retrieved oocytes and oocyte recovery rate were recorded. Oocytes of grade 1 and 2 were matured, fertilized and cultured in vitro in SOFaaBSA until day 9. The cleavage rates on day 2, the total number of morulas and blastocysts on day 7 and the numbers of hatched blastocysts on day 9 were recorded. Differential staining of the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm cells (TE) were performed on a random sample of day 7 blastocysts (n = 24). Significantly more follicles were aspirated from SO (19.3 versus 11.5, P<0.05). This was reflfl ected in a significantly higher number of oocytes collected from the same group (12.6 versus 6.5, P<0.05). A higher proportion of OPU-derived oocytes reached the morula/blastocyst stage at day 7 (44.7% vs. 29.9%, P<0.05) and hatched blastocyst stage at day 9 (35.6% vs. 16.8%, P<0.05). OPU-derived embryos displayed significantly higher number (P<0.05) of ICM cells which was also reflected to higher proportion of ICM cells. The results demonstrate that oocytes recovered in vivo after OPU are more competent to develop to the blastocyst stage than those derived from slaughterhouse ovaries.Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je usporediti razvojnu sposobnost jajnih stanica dobivenih iz klaoničkih jajnika i junica davateljica postupkom transvaginalne aspiracije folikula. Jajne stanice uzete su od šest junica davateljica sinkroniziranih s PGF2α i stimuliranih FSH-om, dva puta dnevno tijekom dva dana. Postupak je ponavljan jednom tjedno tijekom šest uzastopnih tjedana. Paralelno su punktirani folikuli jajnika junica uzeti na liniji klanja. Bilježen je broj aspiriranih folikula, broj aspiriranih jajnih stanica i uspjeh aspiracije. Jajne stanice morfološki su ocijenjene te je praćena njihova sposobnost dozrijevanja, oplodnje i uzgoja in vitro. Bilježen je postotak brazdanih jajnih stanica 2. dana, broj morula/blastocista 7. dana i broj izlegnutih blastocista 9. dana uzgoja in vitro. Diferencijalno bojenje stanica zametnoga čvorića i trofoblasta izvedeno je na nasumce odabranim blastocistama 7. dana uzgoja in vitro. Iz klaoničkih jajnika aspirirano je značajno više folikula (19,3 prema 11,5, P<0,05) i jajnih stanica (12,6 prema 6,5, P<0,05) u usporedbi s davateljicama. Kod davateljica uzgojeno je više morula i blastocista 7. dana (44,7% prema 29,9%, P<0,05) i izlegnutih blastocista 9. dana uzgoja in vitro (35,6% prema 16,8%, P<0,05). Diferencijalnim bojenjem ustanovljen je značajno veći broj stanica zametnoga čvorića (P<0,05) u blastocistama podrijetlom od davateljica. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da jajne stanice dobivene postupkom transvaginalne ultrazvučne aspiracije imaju veću sposobnost razvoja do stadija blastociste u uvjetima uzgoja in vitro od klaoničkih jajnih stanica

Razvojna sposobnost nezrelih goveđih jajnih stanica i kvaliteta zametaka podrijetlom od klaoničkih jajnika i živih davateljica

The aim of this research was to compare the developmental competence of oocytes recovered from slaughterhouse ovaries (SO) and those recovered in vivo by ovum pick up (OPU). OPU was performed in 6 donor heifers synchronized with PGF2α and stimulated with pFSH, twice a day for two days. OPU was repeated once a week for six consecutive weeks. The control group consisted of slaughterhouse-derived oocytes. The number of aspirated follicles, retrieved oocytes and oocyte recovery rate were recorded. Oocytes of grade 1 and 2 were matured, fertilized and cultured in vitro in SOFaaBSA until day 9. The cleavage rates on day 2, the total number of morulas and blastocysts on day 7 and the numbers of hatched blastocysts on day 9 were recorded. Differential staining of the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm cells (TE) were performed on a random sample of day 7 blastocysts (n = 24). Significantly more follicles were aspirated from SO (19.3 versus 11.5, P<0.05). This was reflfl ected in a significantly higher number of oocytes collected from the same group (12.6 versus 6.5, P<0.05). A higher proportion of OPU-derived oocytes reached the morula/blastocyst stage at day 7 (44.7% vs. 29.9%, P<0.05) and hatched blastocyst stage at day 9 (35.6% vs. 16.8%, P<0.05). OPU-derived embryos displayed significantly higher number (P<0.05) of ICM cells which was also reflected to higher proportion of ICM cells. The results demonstrate that oocytes recovered in vivo after OPU are more competent to develop to the blastocyst stage than those derived from slaughterhouse ovaries.Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je usporediti razvojnu sposobnost jajnih stanica dobivenih iz klaoničkih jajnika i junica davateljica postupkom transvaginalne aspiracije folikula. Jajne stanice uzete su od šest junica davateljica sinkroniziranih s PGF2α i stimuliranih FSH-om, dva puta dnevno tijekom dva dana. Postupak je ponavljan jednom tjedno tijekom šest uzastopnih tjedana. Paralelno su punktirani folikuli jajnika junica uzeti na liniji klanja. Bilježen je broj aspiriranih folikula, broj aspiriranih jajnih stanica i uspjeh aspiracije. Jajne stanice morfološki su ocijenjene te je praćena njihova sposobnost dozrijevanja, oplodnje i uzgoja in vitro. Bilježen je postotak brazdanih jajnih stanica 2. dana, broj morula/blastocista 7. dana i broj izlegnutih blastocista 9. dana uzgoja in vitro. Diferencijalno bojenje stanica zametnoga čvorića i trofoblasta izvedeno je na nasumce odabranim blastocistama 7. dana uzgoja in vitro. Iz klaoničkih jajnika aspirirano je značajno više folikula (19,3 prema 11,5, P<0,05) i jajnih stanica (12,6 prema 6,5, P<0,05) u usporedbi s davateljicama. Kod davateljica uzgojeno je više morula i blastocista 7. dana (44,7% prema 29,9%, P<0,05) i izlegnutih blastocista 9. dana uzgoja in vitro (35,6% prema 16,8%, P<0,05). Diferencijalnim bojenjem ustanovljen je značajno veći broj stanica zametnoga čvorića (P<0,05) u blastocistama podrijetlom od davateljica. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da jajne stanice dobivene postupkom transvaginalne ultrazvučne aspiracije imaju veću sposobnost razvoja do stadija blastociste u uvjetima uzgoja in vitro od klaoničkih jajnih stanica

Effects of bovine spermatozoa preparation on embryonic development in vitro

The aim of our research was to examine the ability of density gradient preparation BoviPure(® )and swim up method on bull sperm separation and in vitro embryo production (IVP) systems. Frozen/thawed semen from six Simmental bulls was pooled and treated using both methods. The sperm motility, concentration, membrane activity, membrane integrity and acrosomal status were evaluated and compared before and after sperm processing using BoviPure(® )and swim up methods. We also evaluated and compared cleavage rates, embryo yield and quality between the methods. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the sperm characteristics before and after BoviPure(®), but not after swim up method. However, there were significant differences for sperm results among those two mentioned methods. A total of 641 oocytes were matured and fertilized in vitro and cultured in SOFaaBSA. The percentage of cleavage (Day 2) and the percentage of hatched embryos (Day 9) were similar for both methods. However, embryo production rate (Day 7) was significantly higher using BoviPure(® )method (P < 0.05). Also, total cell number and embryo differential staining (inner cell mass and trophectoderm cells) of Day 7 morulas and blastocysts showed that BoviPure(® )treated sperm displayed higher quality embryos compared to swim up method (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that BoviPure(® )method has an enhanced capacity in sperm selection for in vitro embryo production when compared with swim up method. So, we concluded that BoviPure(® )could be considered as a better alternative to swim up method for separating bull spermatozoa from frozen/thawed semen for IVP of bovine embryos

Usporedba postupaka sinkronizacije estrusa junica davateljica jajnih stanica u proizvodnji zametaka in vitro

The aim of the study was to compare the effect of different synchronization protocols on oocyte retrieval and blastocyst production in vitro. Twelve Simmental heifers were randomly allocated to one of three synchronization groups. In the 1st group heifers were synchronized with two PGF2α injections in 11-days interval. In the 2nd group heifers were synchronized the same way and dominant follicles (DF) were removed 36 hours before pFSH stimulation. In the 3rd group a progestin ear implant was inserted for 10 days and DF were aspirated 36 hours before pFSH stimulation. The same stimulation protocol with pFSH, starting on Day 9/10 of cycle, was used in all treatment groups. Ovum pick-up (OPU) was performed 48 hours after the last pFSH injection. The number of aspirated follicles, number and quality of retrieved oocytes were recorded. Oocytes were matured, fertilized and cultured in vitro in SOFaaBSA until Day 9. The mean DF diameter and the mean number of expanded oocytes showed a tendency towards signififi cance (0.05 ≤ P ≤ 0.10) in the progestin treatment group. No signififi cant differences between treatment groups were observed in terms of cleavage rate on Day 2, morula/blastocyst rate on Day 7 and hatched blastocysts rate on Day 9. The results indicated that progestin treatment did not prevent the establishment of follicular dominance on the ovaries of heifers. Furthermore, the synchronization protocol did not affect the number of follicles and the recovered oocytes, or the number of in vitro produced embryos.Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je usporediti utjecaj različitih metoda sinkronizacije estrusa na razvojnu sposobnost jajnih stanica i uzgoj in vitro goveđih zametaka. Za davateljice jajnih stanica odabrane su junice u ciklusu simentalske pasmine (n=12), koje su potom nasumce podijeljene u tri skupine. Prva skupina junica sinkronizirana je pomoću dvije injekcije PGF2α u razmaku od 11 dana. U drugoj je skupini nakon sinkronizacije s PGF2α aspiriran dominantni folikul (DF) 36 sati prije stimulacije jajnika s pFSH. Treća skupina junica sinkronizirana je pomoću gestagenskih ušnih usadaka tijekom 10 dana, a DF je aspiriran 36 sati prije pFSH stimulacije jajnika. U svih je davateljica aktivnost jajnika stimulirana pomoću pFSH, počevši od 9/10 dana ciklusa. Transvaginalna aspiracija jajnih stanica izvedena je 48 sati nakon zadnje injekcije pFSH. Zabilježen je broj aspiriranih folikula, broj aspiriranih jajnih stanica i uspjeh aspiracije. Jajne stanice dobre kvalitete uzete su u postupak dozrijevanja, oplodnje i uzgoja in vitro. Prosječni promjer DF i broj ekspandiranih jajnih stanica loše kvalitete pokazivao je tendenciju prema značajnosti (0,05≤P≤0,10) u skupini junica sinkroniziranih gestagenima. Postotak brazdanih jajnih stanica drugoga dana uzgoja, morula i blastocista sedmoga dana uzgoja te postotak izlegnutih blastocista devetoga dana nije se statistički razlikovao između pojedinih skupina. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da sinkronizacija junica pomoću gestagenskih usadaka nije spriječila nastanak dominantnog folikula na jajnicima davateljica. Postupak sinkronizacije ciklusa nije utjecao na broj folikula i aspiriranih jajnih stanica niti na rezultate uzgoja goveđih zametaka in vitro