Composition nutritionnelle de 10 fruits sauvages consommés dans trois départements du Tchad

Dans le sahel, les plantes sauvages font encore l’objet de cueillette par les populations rurales afin de les vendre pour subvenir à leurs besoins et de les intégrer dans leur alimentation. Les méthodes chimiques ont été utilisées pour la détermination de la valeur nutritive de ces fruits. Il ressort que les fruits secs ont les teneurs les plus élevées en sucres (les fruits de Hyphaene thebaïca Mart. : 59,78 ±0,14) et en protéine (les fruits de Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth. : 6,89%±0,15). Il n’y a pas une grande variation de la teneur en lipides entre les fruits secs et frais. L’analyse des vitamines et minéraux pour 100 g de matières sèches montrent que les fruits de Parkia biglobosa (Jacq) Benth. sont aussi les plus riches en vitamine C (208,71 mg±0,19) et en zinc (47,65 mg±0,16). Les fruits de Tamarindus indica L. ont les teneurs les plus élevées en calcium (183,25 mg±1,45) et les fruits de Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. ont les teneurs les plus élevées en magnésium et en fer (respectivement 201,24 mg±1,91 et 271,98 mg±2,99). Ces résultats montrent que les fruits sauvages sont une bonne source de nutriments et par conséquent, ils peuvent faire l’objet de valorisation auprès des populations rurales.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Fruits sauvages, cueillette, valeur nutritionnelle, TchadEnglish Title: Nutritional composition of 10 wild fruits consumed in three divisions in ChadEnglish AbstractIn the Sahel, wild fruits are still under collection by rural people in order to sell them, for their economic purpose, and integrate them in their diet. Chemical methods were used for the determination of the nutritional value of these fruits. It appears that dried fruits had the highest carbohydrate (the fruits of Hyphaene thebaica Mart.: 59.78% ±0.14) and protein (the fruits of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth: 6.89%±0.15) contents. There was no significant variation in the fat content between dry and fresh fruits. The analysis of vitamins and minerals for 100 g of dry matter showed that the fruits of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq) Benth. are also the richest in vitamin C (208.71 mg±0.19) and zinc (47.65 mg±0.16). The fruits of Tamarindus indica L. had the highest level of calcium (183.25 mg±1.45) and the fruits of Balanites aegyptiaca (L) Del. had the highest magnesium and iron levels (respectively 201.24 mg±1.91 and 271.98 mg±2.99). These results show that wild fruits are a good source of nutrients, and therefore they are subject to valuation with rural populations.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Wild fruit, gathering, nutritional value, Cha

Nutritional Value of Runner bean (Phaseolus cocccinus L.) Grown in Chad

In order to evaluate the nutritional characteristics of an ornamental plant called Phaseolus cocccinus L., some samples were collected in order to evaluate the nutritional value such as proteins, lipids, some minerals and vitamins. The physico-chemical analyzes carried out used standard methods. The results show that the carbohydrate and lipid contents are very low, they are respectively 1.76% and 2.4%. The protein content is almost similar to common bean (23.34%). The energy value is 110kcal/100g and the dietary fiber content is 9.3g/100g of DM, much lower than the recommended nutritional intake. The protein content is almost similar to common bean (23.34%). The energy value is 110kcal/100g and the dietary fiber content is 9.3g/100g of DM, much lower than the recommended nutritional intake. The highest mineral content is potassium (880.03g/100g DM) and the lowest content is sulfur (0.17mg/100g DM). The iron content is 43.66mg/100g of DM The contents of β-carotenes and vitamin C are low, they are respectively 3% and 9.3%. The consumption and popularization of Phaseolus cocccinus L. among populations could be envisaged to ensure availability throughout the year to ensure food security and thus contribute to the fight against malnutrition