Shear viscosity due to the Landau damping from quark-pion interaction

We have calculated the shear viscosity coefficient $\eta$ of the strongly interacting matter in the relaxation time approximation, where a quasi particle description of quarks with its dynamical mass is considered from NJL model. Due to the thermodynamic scattering of quarks with pseudo scalar type condensate (i.e. pion), a non zero Landau damping will be acquired by the propagating quarks. This Landau damping may be obtained from the Landau cut contribution of the in-medium self-energy of quark-pion loop, which is evaluated in the framework of real-time thermal field theory

Tourists’ Satisfaction with Key Coastal Tourism Destinations of West Bengal, India

This study is an attempt to analyse the satisfaction level of tourists’ visiting the popular coastal tourist destinations in the state of West Bengal in India. Simple checklist approach along with Likert scale techniques was employed as a response format to collect primary data from the sample of 300 tourists. Simple statistical techniques were used to analyse the so-collected data. This study indicate that the sample tourists were more satisfied with the scenic beauty of the places, transportation facilities, availability of food & beverages. They were also satisfied with the cleanliness, and accommodation facilities. But they were relatively less satisfied with the state of sanitation & safe drinking water, health facilities, and safety-security of the area. The study revealed that the marital status, household’s income, travel distance, and cost of accommodation had a significant positive association with the tourists’ satisfaction. Strangely, this study found significant negative association between per capita expenditure of the tourist and level of their satisfaction. This study revealed that the service-wise levels of satisfaction were highly sensitive to social, demographic as well as visitation characters of the tourists. It is expected that the findings of this study would be very useful in appropriate policy making for tourism development

Insulin Initiation with Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart versus Insulin Glargine in Oral Antidiabetic Drugs Failure Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Real-World Study from India

Context: Oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) failure is an indication for starting insulin therapy, but there is still a dilemma as to whether basal insulin or a premixed/co-formulation analog should be the choice. Aim: To compare the safety and efficacy of once daily (OD) insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) to OD insulin glargine (IGlar U100) in insulin-naïve Indian subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), inadequately controlled with OADs alone. Setting and design: Retrospective study. Methods and material: Data was retrieved from the author’s clinic database of OAD failure patients (18-80 years), who were started either with (IGlar U100, n = 120) or IDegAsp (n = 89) OD over and above the standard of care. Data of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline and at last follow-up visits were collected. Statistical analysis used: Baseline characteristics and change in study parameters during the follow-up period were computed between two groups (IGlar U100 vs. IDegAsp) by unpaired t-test and paired t-test, respectively. ANCOVA test was used to compute percentage reduction in body weight, body mass index (BMI), FPG, PPG and HbA1c in between two groups (IGlar U100 vs. IDegAsp). Results: IDegAsp caused a significantly greater reduction in FPG, PPG and HbA1c as compared to the IGlar U100 arm. There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients with hypoglycemia between IDegAsp and IGlar U100 groups (p = 0.208). No episodes of severe hypoglycemia were reported. Conclusion: Comparison of IDegAsp and IGlar U100 OD in T2DM patients indicated that both were relatively safe but the former controlled FPG and PPG levels more effectively

Insulin Initiation with Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart versus Insulin Glargine in Oral Antidiabetic Drugs Failure Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Real-World Study from India

Context: Oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) failure is an indication for starting insulin therapy, but there is still a dilemma as to whether basal insulin or a premixed/co-formulation analog should be the choice. Aim: To compare the safety and efficacy of once daily (OD) insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) to OD insulin glargine (IGlar U100) in insulin-naïve Indian subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), inadequately controlled with OADs alone. Setting and design: Retrospective study. Methods and material: Data was retrieved from the author’s clinic database of OAD failure patients (18-80 years), who were started either with (IGlar U100, n = 120) or IDegAsp (n = 89) OD over and above the standard of care. Data of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline and at last follow-up visits were collected. Statistical analysis used: Baseline characteristics and change in study parameters during the follow-up period were computed between two groups (IGlar U100 vs. IDegAsp) by unpaired t-test and paired t-test, respectively. ANCOVA test was used to compute percentage reduction in body weight, body mass index (BMI), FPG, PPG and HbA1c in between two groups (IGlar U100 vs. IDegAsp). Results: IDegAsp caused a significantly greater reduction in FPG, PPG and HbA1c as compared to the IGlar U100 arm. There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients with hypoglycemia between IDegAsp and IGlar U100 groups (p = 0.208). No episodes of severe hypoglycemia were reported. Conclusion: Comparison of IDegAsp and IGlar U100 OD in T2DM patients indicated that both were relatively safe but the former controlled FPG and PPG levels more effectively

A real-world retrospective evaluation of glycaemic control and weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with canagliflozin 100 mg and canagliflozin 300 mg in an Indian setting

Background. Canagliflozin is a sodium glucose co- -transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor that improves glycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by enhancing urinary glucose excretion (UGE). Indian data regarding comparative efficacy of canagliflozin 300 mg over canagliflozin 100 mg in reduction of body weight are scanty. Objectives. To evaluate and compare the efficacy of canagliflozin 100 mg versus canagliflozin 300 mg regarding loss of body weight retrospectively, in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with other antihypergycaemic agents (AHA) in a real world setting in India. Methods. T2DM patients inadequately controlled (HbA1c > 8.5%) with diet, exercise and AHA who were prescribed canagliflozin 100 mg (n = 62) or canagliflozin 300 mg (n = 36) once daily, between May 2016 to May 2019 and were followed for at least 20 weeks, are included in the analysis. Changes in blood pressure and glycaemic parameters and body weight are studied. Results. Results show that addition of canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg provided statistically significant improvements in glycaemic control associated with weight loss. However no superiority of canagliflozin 300 mg to canagliflozin 100 mg is established. Conclusion. The present study shows that addition of canagliflozin 300 mg has no advantage over canagliflozin 100 mg on body weight when added on existing therapy with other AHA