A profile of heart failure patients in a tertiary care centre in Eastern India

Background: Epidemiological data regarding profile of heart failure in India is lacking. So this study was done to assess the epidemiological profile of heart failure patients in eastern India. Aim of the study was to assess the epidemiological profile of heart failure patients in this part of country.Methods: Total 1000 outdoor and indoor patients presented with symptoms and signs of heart failure according to Framingham criteria were studied.Results: Age of onset of HF is lower than western country. IHD is the commonest cause of HF. Diabetes and hypertensions are important risk factors.Conclusions: Earlier detection and treatment of hypertension and diabetes mellitus might have greater impact in reducing the burden of HF in this part of country

Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and coronary artery disease

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a feature of metabolic syndrome is a highly prevalent condition worldwide. Patients with NAFLD have a higher mortality when compared to general population. Many investigators have shown a close relationship between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease which contributes to the total mortality associated with NAFLD particularly in Western population. This study was therefore conducted to evaluate whether NAFLD independently affects angio-graphically proven coronary artery disease in Asians.Methods: The severity assessment of fatty liver disease was done by ultrasonography and was graded with increased severity from 0 to 4. Coronary angiography was performed to detect the presence or absence of significant coronary artery disease and modified Gensisni score, which determines the severity of coronary atherosclerotic involvement in individual patients was calculated.Results: Statistical analysis showed that Fatty liver disease was significantly higher in patients with significant coronary artery disease than in non-significant coronary artery disease group. When analyzed on basis on severity of fatty liver disease, modified Gensini score was significantly higher in group with fatty liver grade 2-3 than in group with fatty liver grade 0 or 1. Logistic regression analysis further showed that severity of fatty liver disease had independent effect on coronary atherosclerotic involvement.Conclusions: From our current study it can be reasonably said that NAFLD may be an independent risk factor for developing arteriosclerosis. This hypothesis should be verified with larger studies in different population groups

Assessment of serum nitrate-nitrite ratio vis-a-vis insulin sensitivity and resistance in type 2 diabetics in a tertiary hospital in Eastern India

Background: Insulin Resistance is of paramount importance in the pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus along with endothelial dysfunction is mediated by Nitric Oxide (NO). Central to this endothelial dysfunction is the action of Insulin on the Nitric oxide synthase enzyme. Since NO cannot be measured because of its short half-life, metabolites of NO (namely nitrite and nitrate) are measured towards assessing their relationship along with different direct and surrogate markers of insulin resistance in patients of Diabetes Mellitus attending a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. Aim of the study was to assess the level of Insulin resistance with the direct and surrogate markers of insulin resistance in patients of Diabetes Mellitus attending a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India.Methods: Blood samples from newly diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic patients were assayed for fasting and postprandial sugar and insulin, lipid profile and serum nitrate and nitrite and different anthropological parameters were measured. After that, HOMA-IR and QUICKI’ index were measured.Results: Values of anthropological parameters and the direct and surrogate markers of insulin resistance showed statistically significant difference between cases and controls. Bivariate analysis of post-prandial blood glucose showed strong co-relation with HOMA-IR while serum total nitrate-nitrite ratio showed a strong co-relation with QUICKI.Conclusions: Serum nitrate-nitrite ratio showed a strong co-relation with HOMA-IR and QUICKI. The significance of this study lies in the fact that measurement of the serum nitrate-nitrite may give an idea of the level of insulin resistance of a diabetic patient

Switching of ferroelectric liquid crystal doped with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-assisted CdS nanostructures

Large scale high yield cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanowires with uniform diameter were synthesized using a rapid and simple solvo-chemical and hydrothermal route assisted by the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Unique CdS nanowires of different morphologies could be selectively produced by only varying the concentration of CTAB in the reaction system with cadmium acetate, sulfur powder and ethylenediamine. We obtained CdS nanowires with diameters of 64–65 nm and lengths of up to several micrometers. A comparative study of the optical properties of ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) Felix-017/100 doped with 1% of CdS nanowires was performed. Response times of the order of from 160 to 180 μs, rotational viscosities of the order of from 5000 to 3000 mN s m−2 and polarizations of the order of from 10 to 70 nC cm−2 were measured. We also observed an anti-ferroelectric to ferroelectric transition for CdS doped FLC instead of the ferroelectric to paraelectric transition for pure FLC

A profile of heart failure patients in a tertiary care centre in Eastern India

Background: Epidemiological data regarding profile of heart failure in India is lacking. So this study was done to assess the epidemiological profile of heart failure patients in eastern India. Aim of the study was to assess the epidemiological profile of heart failure patients in this part of country.Methods: Total 1000 outdoor and indoor patients presented with symptoms and signs of heart failure according to Framingham criteria were studied.Results: Age of onset of HF is lower than western country. IHD is the commonest cause of HF. Diabetes and hypertensions are important risk factors.Conclusions: Earlier detection and treatment of hypertension and diabetes mellitus might have greater impact in reducing the burden of HF in this part of country

Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and coronary artery disease

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a feature of metabolic syndrome is a highly prevalent condition worldwide. Patients with NAFLD have a higher mortality when compared to general population. Many investigators have shown a close relationship between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease which contributes to the total mortality associated with NAFLD particularly in Western population. This study was therefore conducted to evaluate whether NAFLD independently affects angio-graphically proven coronary artery disease in Asians.Methods: The severity assessment of fatty liver disease was done by ultrasonography and was graded with increased severity from 0 to 4. Coronary angiography was performed to detect the presence or absence of significant coronary artery disease and modified Gensisni score, which determines the severity of coronary atherosclerotic involvement in individual patients was calculated.Results: Statistical analysis showed that Fatty liver disease was significantly higher in patients with significant coronary artery disease than in non-significant coronary artery disease group. When analyzed on basis on severity of fatty liver disease, modified Gensini score was significantly higher in group with fatty liver grade 2-3 than in group with fatty liver grade 0 or 1. Logistic regression analysis further showed that severity of fatty liver disease had independent effect on coronary atherosclerotic involvement.Conclusions: From our current study it can be reasonably said that NAFLD may be an independent risk factor for developing arteriosclerosis. This hypothesis should be verified with larger studies in different population groups

Assessment of serum nitrate-nitrite ratio vis-a-vis insulin sensitivity and resistance in type 2 diabetics in a tertiary hospital in Eastern India

Background: Insulin Resistance is of paramount importance in the pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus along with endothelial dysfunction is mediated by Nitric Oxide (NO). Central to this endothelial dysfunction is the action of Insulin on the Nitric oxide synthase enzyme. Since NO cannot be measured because of its short half-life, metabolites of NO (namely nitrite and nitrate) are measured towards assessing their relationship along with different direct and surrogate markers of insulin resistance in patients of Diabetes Mellitus attending a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. Aim of the study was to assess the level of Insulin resistance with the direct and surrogate markers of insulin resistance in patients of Diabetes Mellitus attending a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India.Methods: Blood samples from newly diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic patients were assayed for fasting and postprandial sugar and insulin, lipid profile and serum nitrate and nitrite and different anthropological parameters were measured. After that, HOMA-IR and QUICKI’ index were measured.Results: Values of anthropological parameters and the direct and surrogate markers of insulin resistance showed statistically significant difference between cases and controls. Bivariate analysis of post-prandial blood glucose showed strong co-relation with HOMA-IR while serum total nitrate-nitrite ratio showed a strong co-relation with QUICKI.Conclusions: Serum nitrate-nitrite ratio showed a strong co-relation with HOMA-IR and QUICKI. The significance of this study lies in the fact that measurement of the serum nitrate-nitrite may give an idea of the level of insulin resistance of a diabetic patient