Models of Aviation Technical Communication with Augmented Reality

A fundamental characteristic of augmented reality (AR) is the overlay of computer graphics (e.g., installation instructions) on views of world objects (e.g., a section of an aircraft wing) and registration of those graphics to features in the world scene. In AR, the mechanisms of information retrieval rely on detection of features of real-world objects, and communication is by way of virtual content in a real world scene; causing information to become a function of the composite scene, where real and virtual elements are interdependent. Various models of technical media communication are made possible by these characteristics and are discussed in this paper, including authoring, where a world object reveals what a planner intends it to reveal; image-based dialog, where substrate video is merged with annotations to communicate about world objects; and seamless collaboration, where attributes of in-person communication are replicated in AR. Familiar communication and information processing models are therefore expanded by AR. Communication and cognition aspects of human information processing are discussed in this paper in light of AR capabilities

The Effectiveness of Augmented Reality as a Facilitator of Information Acquisition in Aviation Maintenance Applications

Until recently, in the field of Augmented Reality (AR) little research attention has been paid to the cognitive benefits of this emerging technology. AR, the synthesis of computer images and text in the real world, affords a supplement to normal information acquisition that has yet to be fully explored and exploited. AR achieves a more smooth and seamless interface by complementing human cognitive networks, and aiding information integration through multimodal sensory elaboration (visual, verbal, proprioceptive, and tactile memory) while the user is performing real world tasks. AR also incorporates visuo-spatial ability, which involves the representations of spatial information in memory. The use of this type of information is an extremely powerful form of elaboration. This study examined four learning paradigms: print (printed material) mode, observe (video tape) mode, interact (text annotations activated by mouse interaction) mode, and select (AR) mode. The results of the experiment indicated that the select (AR) mode resulted in better learning and recall when compared to the other three conventional learning modes

Cognitive, Performance, and Systems Issues for Augmented Reality Applications in Manufacturing and Maintenance

This paper presents cognitive studies and analyses relating to how augmented reality (AR) interacts with human abilities to benefit manufacturing and maintenance tasks. A specific set of applications is described in detail as well as a prototype system and the software library its built upon. An integrated view of information flow to support AR is also presented along with a proposal for an AR Media Language (ARML) that could provide interoperability between various AR implementations. 1. Introduction The media form presented by AR is complementary to human cognitive processes. Potential benefits to users of AR can be analyzed by reference to effects in cognitive psychology in the areas of information access, reduced error likelihood, enhanced motivation, and concurrent training and performance. A simple application will illustrate these areas and lead to a discussion of an AR software organization. Manufacturing and maintenance tasks are the focus in the analysis and in the applicat..

Augmented Reality as a Training Medium for Aviation/Aerospace Application

Augmented Reality (AR) has the potential to transform aviation/aerospace training by creating new mixed reality worlds that serve as a medium for gaining work related skills. --from the publicatio

The Effectiveness of Cognitive Elaboration Using Augmented Reality as a Training and Learning Paradigm

Until now, little research attention in the area of Augmented Reality (AR) has been paid to the cognitive benefits engendered by this emerging technology. AR, the synthesis of computer images and text in the real world (Azuma, 1997), affords a supplement to normal information acquisition that has yet to be fully explored and exploited. AR achieves a more smooth and seamless interface by complementing human cognitive networks, and aiding information integration through multi-modal sensory elaboration, by utilizing visual, verbal, proprioceptive, and tactile memory while the user is performing real world tasks. AR also incorporates visuo-spatial ability, which involves the representations of spatial information in memory. The use of this type of information is an extremely powerful form of elaboration. This study examined four learning paradigms: print (printed material) mode, observe (video tape) mode, interact (text annotations activated by mouse interaction) mode, and select (AR) mode. The results of the experiment indicated that the select (AR) mode resulted in better learning and recall when compared to the other 3 conventional modes of learning. Implications for training and curriculum design are discussed. </jats:p

Glucocorticoid receptor recruits to enhancers and drives activation by motif-directed binding

Glucocorticoids are potent steroid hormones that regulate immunity and metabolism by activating the transcription factor (TF) activity of glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Previous models have proposed that DNA binding motifs and sites of chromatin accessibility predetermine GR binding and activity. However, there are vast excesses of both features relative to the number of GR binding sites. Thus, these features alone are unlikely to account for the specificity of GR binding and activity. To identify genomic and epigenetic contributions to GR binding specificity and the downstream changes resultant from GR binding, we performed hundreds of genome-wide measurements of TF binding, epigenetic state, and gene expression across a 12-h time course of glucocorticoid exposure. We found that glucocorticoid treatment induces GR to bind to nearly all pre-established enhancers within minutes. However, GR binds to only a small fraction of the set of accessible sites that lack enhancer marks. Once GR is bound to enhancers, a combination of enhancer motif composition and interactions between enhancers then determines the strength and persistence of GR binding, which consequently correlates with dramatic shifts in enhancer activation. Over the course of several hours, highly coordinated changes in TF binding and histone modification occupancy occur specifically within enhancers, and these changes correlate with changes in the expression of nearby genes. Following GR binding, changes in the binding of other TFs precede changes in chromatin accessibility, suggesting that other TFs are also sensitive to genomic features beyond that of accessibility