PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING N-METHYLENEAMINE TYPE COMPOUNDS - SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE, AND REACTIVITY

GALLIOT C, CAMINADE AM, DAHAN F, MAJORAL JP, Schoeller W. PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING N-METHYLENEAMINE TYPE COMPOUNDS - SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE, AND REACTIVITY. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 1994;33(26):6351-6356.Addition of paraformaldehyde to phosphonodihydrazides PhP(X)(NCH3NH2)(2), 1a (X = S) or 1b (X = O), led to 1,2,4,5,3-perhydrotetrazaphosphorines 4a or 4b and then to stable phosphonodihydrazones PhP(X)(N(CH3)N=CH2)(2), 6a (X = S) or 6b (X = O). Similarly, addition of paraformaldehyde to the hexahydrazino cyclotriphosphazene N3P3(NCH3NH2)(6) afforded a tris(1,2,4,5,3-perhydrotetrazaphosphorine 12, which in turn is transformed to the stable hexakis(N-methyleneamine)cyclotriphosphazine 13 by addition of paraformaldehyde. The crystal and molecular structure of 13 was examined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Treatment of 6a or 6b with the phosphanylium ion (iPr(2)N)(2)P+CF3SO3-, 15, gave a mixture of bicyclic phosphonium salts 17 and 18 or 19 and 20 respectively. A pyridinium salt 21 was prepared by reacting 6a with trifluoro acetic anhydride in the presence of pyridine. Interaction of the borenium salt (C5H9)(2)B+CF3SO3-, 22, with 6a led to the salt 23 [6a.2B(C5H9)(2).CF3SO3]

A promising dual mode SPECT/CT imaging platform based on ^99mTc-labeled multifunctional dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles

© 2017 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Multifunctional 99mTc-labeled dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles (99mTc-Au DENPs) were designed and synthesized. Our results show that the type of surface groups (acetyl or hydroxyl) significantly impact the biodistribution profile of the 99mTc-Au DENPs, thereby allowing for preferential SPECT/CT imaging of different organs

In vitro and in vivo aspects of cascade impactor tests and inhaler performance: A review

The purpose of this review is to discuss the roles of cascade impactor (CI) data in inhaler assessment and to examine the relationship between aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD) and the clinical response to inhaled drugs. A systematic literature search of studies linking APSD to clinical response was undertaken. Two distinct roles for CI-generated data were identified: (1) the control of inhaler/drug product quality; and (2) the provision of data that may be predictive of particle deposition in the respiratory tract. Method robustness is required for the former application, combined with simplicity in operation, resulting in rudimentary attempts to mimic the anatomy of the respiratory tract. The latter necessitates making the apparatus and its operation more closely resemble patient use of the inhaler. A CI cannot perfectly simulate the respiratory tract, since it operates at constant flow rate, while the respiratory cycle has a varying flow-time profile. On the basis of a review of studies linking APSD to clinical response of inhaled drugs, it is concluded that attempts to use CI-generated data from quality control testing to compare products for bioequivalence are likely to have only limited success, as links between laboratory-measured APSD, particle deposition in the respiratory tract, and clinical response are not straightforward