Digital Quantum Estimation

Quantum Metrology calculates the ultimate precision of all estimation strategies, measuring what is their root mean-square error (RMSE) and their Fisher information. Here, instead, we ask how many bits of the parameter we can recover, namely we derive an information-theoretic quantum metrology. In this setting we redefine "Heisenberg bound" and "standard quantum limit" (the usual benchmarks in quantum estimation theory), and show that the former can be attained only by sequential strategies or parallel strategies that employ entanglement among probes, whereas parallel-separable strategies are limited by the latter. We highlight the differences between this setting and the RMSE-based one.Comment: 5 pages+5 supplementary informatio

Pressure responsive nanogel base on Alginate‐Cyclodextrin with enhanced apoptosis mechanism for colon cancer delivery

5‐Fluorouracil (5‐Fu) commonly use in the treatment of different kinds of cancer, but limited cellular uptake and death is still a problem. Herein, we report a simple process for the synthesis of pressure‐sensitive nanogels that indicate to be appropriate in the delivery of 5‐Fu. The hydrogels (Al‐CD) prepare by crosslinking of alginate (Al) with modified beta Cyclodextrin (β‐CD) as Crosslinker. Next, nanoparticles obtaine by an emulsification method. 5‐Fu as model drug loades into the Al‐CD nanogels easily by mixing it in aqueous solution with the nanoparticles. The results revealed that the Al‐CD nanogels are cytocompatible. They have also a noticeable drug encapsulation (82.1 ±5.7%) while they can release (in vitro controlled) 5‐Fu in conditions that imitate the intravascular pressure conditions. These nanogels can rapidly be taken up by HT‐29 cells (a colon cell line). In addition, a higher 5‐Fu intracellular accumulation and a significant cell death extension by apoptosis mechanism is notice when compare with free 5‐Fu. Accordingly, the developed nanogels can be employe as an excellent candidate to overcome the inefficiency of 5‐Fu in anticancer treatments and possibly can employe for further evaluation as a chemotherapical agent in applications beyond cancer. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 349–359, 2018.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143710/1/jbma36242.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143710/2/jbma36242_am.pd

Biological properties and polyphenols content of Algerian Cistus salviifolius L. aerial parts

This study evaluated the in vitro antioxidant properties, antibacterial and antifungal activities and in vivo anti-inflammatory properties, and identifying the phenolic compounds in Cistus salviifolius. The methanolic leaf extract showed the highest antioxidant activity with 6.1±1.60 µg/ml IC50 value using DPPH· and 55.5±0.20 µg/ml using Reducing Power Activity. The study revealed that the butanolic leaf extract and the aqueous leaf infusion exhibited the strongest growth-inhibiting effect against all Gram positive and Gram negative strains tested, respectively, whereas the methanolic leaf extract showed the strongest antifungal activity against the yeast tested. The MIC value for the butanolic leaf extract was 4 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. The pharmacotoxicological tests proved the safety of the aqueous leaf infusion, which exhibit a moderate anti-inflammatory effect, with a significant inhibition of the oedema development equal to 44.7% compared to 59.3% for the reference product diclofenac sodium. Methanolic extracts of the leaf and flower buds showed varied contents of polyphenols, flavonoids, and hydrolysable tannins; which were 228.4±11.4 mg GAE/g, 34.2±0.6 mg QE/g, and 36.9±2.6 mg TAE/g of the dry weight for leaves; and 241.1±5.4 mg GAE/g, 47.6±4.5 mg QE/g, and 22.0±1.3 mg TAE/g of the dry weight for flower buds, respectively. Analysis of the ethereal and butanolic leaf extracts using Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method coupled with a Photodiode-Array Detector identified thirteen phenolic compounds, including ascorbic acid, vanillic acid, gallic acid, quercetin, and orientin. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.656150

Evaluating The Association Between Serum Hsp27 Antibody and Hypertension in Patients without Underlying Cardiovascular Disease

Introduction: An association between heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) antigen with cardiovascular risk factors has been shown previously. Furthermore, higher levels of serum anti-HSP27 antibodies are also related to higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In the current study, we looked at the relationship between serum Hsp27 antibodies and hypertension, as an important cardiovascular risk factor, in individuals without evidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods: A sub-population of hypertensive patients (HTN+) without underlying CVD were recruited from the Mashhad stroke and atherosclerosis heart disease (MASHAD) study to assess the association between serum Hsp27 antibodies and hypertension; independent of other cardiovascular risk factors. A total of 1599 people were studied of whom 288 individuals had hypertension and 1311 were used as controls (HTN-).Results: Mean serum Hsp27 antibody titers were 0.20 (0.27) OD in the whole population sample and was not significantly different in the normotensive (HTN-) compared to HTN+ individuals with different degrees of hypertension.Conclusion: There were no significant associations between serum anti-Hsp27 concentrations and either the presence or severity of hypertension. Future studies are warranted to explore the association of anti-Hsp27 antibody and antigen levels and other cardiovascular risk factors

Primes in the Quadratic Intervals

In this note, we prove that for n ≥ 30, there exists at lest a prime number in the interval (n²,(n + f(n))²] in which f(n) is a function with the order of O(n/(ln²n)), and we count the number of primes in this interval. By using the result of this counting, we estimate the probability that a prime exists in the interval (n², (n + 1)²). Also, we show that there exists n₀ Є N such that for all n > n₀, the interval [(n − g(n))², n²), in which g(n) = O(n¹/²⁰)

Effects of thinning on plantation of Maple (Acer velutinum Boiss) at Emamzadeh-Abdullah experimental site after eight years

The trial was conducted in 1995, under statistical method of split plots and Fully Randomized Design, with three replicates. The main treatments consisted of three levels of thinning (control, medium and heavy) and the secondary treatments consisted of two thinning intervals (three and five years). Three plots (0.3- 0.4 ha) were allocated at each replicate of a Maple plantation stand in Emamzadeh-Abdullah experimental site (Caspian Forests of Iran). Each plot was divided to two subplots. Before beginning thinning in the ten-year old stand in 1995, height was measured in the plots which average mean and dominant height were 10.86 and 12.14m., respectively. The qualitative characteristics of the future trees were measured annually, where the whole trees at each subplot were measured in accordance to their thinning intervals. Overall, 307 individual trees were selected in the nine plots as future trees. The results show that the effects of thinning treatments, particularly the heavy level on growth parameters were significant. The effects of heavy thinning on future trees diameter growth rate (1.3 cm/y at D.B.H), crown diameter and slenderness factor was significantly more than the control thinning in 2002. Thinning increased the mean stem diameter from 12.7 cm in 1995 to 18.5 cm in 2001. As a result the wood quality potential increased for different products. The heavy thinning doubled mean basal area after three years (1995-1998) from 12.73 to 24.54 m2/ha (3.0 m2/ha/y). At the same period, mean volume growth for the remained and the whole trees (removed+remained) were 15.43 and 29.07 m3/ha/y, respectively

Primes in the Quadratic Intervals

Abstract In this note, we prove that for n ≥ 30, there exists at lest a prime number in the interval n

Evaluation and Analysis of the Production, Consumption, and Market of Potato in Iran

Potato is considered as the third most critical crop in Iran after wheat and rice. The average per capita consumption of potatoes in Iran is approximately 45 kg per year. Hence, this product is essential in the food basket. In the last three decades, the area under cultivation by potatoes and production in Iran mainly depended on climatic conditions and various policies. For this reason, the production process has been accompanied by fluctuations. This research has employed an analytical-correlational method that examines the status of potatoes from different aspects, production, consumption, export, price, cultivation status, export target countries, guaranteed price trends, and the relationships between variables. Information from the Ministry of Agriculture- jahad, organizations, and reports from statistical and customs centers has been used for data analysis. According to the results, the price fluctuation of this product in 2020 is less than the consumer price index. Moreover, the amount of exports has increased as much as 83% compared to previous years. In 2020, 1148 thousand tons were produced, and in 2021, it is predicted that 1105 thousand tons of net surplus will be produced. The study of variable relationships shows a positive and significant relationship between the market price of potatoes and the guaranteed price with the amount of production, producer price index, and the guaranteed price of potatoes. Still, no relationship was observed between the price relationship and exports

Typology of seedling composition and density in regeneration gaps of Ramsar- Safaroud forest

In this research typology of seedlings composition and density of Fagus orientalis stands in Caspian forests of Iran (Ramsar area), at altitude of 1200-1300 m.a.s.l. within 43 gaps were studied. The gaps were created after marking and cutting the trees. The gaps area varied between 67 and 617 m2. The trial was conducted under the fully randomized design. Based on gap size and homogeneity, 1 to 3 microplots (1m2) were established in each gap. Seedling frequency was counted in each microplot, according to their species and age range (1 and 2-4 years old). The statistical methods of chi-squareand ANOVA (analysis of variance) were used to analyze the data. There was no significant difference of seedling frequency and species diversity among the gap sizes. However, the number of the defined seedlings composition and density types were four and six, respectively. Beech showed the highest frequency among the species. The maximum and average densities of beech seedling were 60 and 15 per m2, respectively. 57% of gaps showed a number of 10/m2 with 1 to 4 years old seedlings

Effect of marking on the spatial distribution and structure of beech stands (Case study: Safarood-Ramsar)

This paper aims to study the spatial pattern of marked trees in compartments 513 and 514 of district five of Safarood Ramsar which is located between 1200 and 1300 m.a.s.l. in the watershed management unit 30. For this purpose, twenty, 1ha sample plots were selected based on two independent communities, 16 plots in managed and 4 plots in unmanaged (control) stands, and the data on 2000 and 2012 were compared. Results showed that the structure of the 20 plots on 2000 was irregular and the selection cuttings within 12 years have made ​​some effects on the structure in 2012 which is now a bit far from irregular form. The number of trees in small, large and extra large diameter classes is reduced. The spatial pattern of marked trees in the compartment 512 showed cluster pattern (located around large and extra large timber), whereas in the compartment 513 was random (located around small and medium timber) which is directly related to the typology of the stands. Moreover, the results indicated that the mean area of gaps in the managed and control stands was 414m2 and 284m2, respectively. Mean total height of seedlings was 1.4m and 1.2m in the managed and control stands, respectively. Mean seedlings number in the managed and control stands was 603 and 512 in 100 m2, respectively. None of the differences of above mentioned data were statistical significant