Recurrent Neuroglycopenia: Do Not Forget Non-islet Cell Induced Tumor Hypoglycemia

Non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH) is an exceedingly rare paraneoplastic condition and often its commonest presenting symptom is hypoglycaemia. Most cases of NICTH are associated with underlying mesenchymal or epithelial neoplasm. However our case is unique as NICTH was associated with well differentiated liposarcoma, which has never been described before. Most of the reported cases of NICTH were diagnosed on the basis of biochemical tests. However NICTH can also be a diagnosis of exclusion as highlighted by our case report. This case also highlights both the diagnostic dilemma and the surgical challenges in the management of such cases. The elderly lady presented with repeated episodes of loss of unconsciousness for which she was hospitalised twice. Her symptoms closely resembled that of a cerebrovascular accident patient. However CT brain did not reveal any brain lesion. However she also had spontaneous episodes of hypoglycaemia which led to further investigations. Ultrasonography abdomen revealed presence of huge retroperitoneal mass on FNAB which was malignant. Subsequently, she was put on dextrose drip and thorough investigations ruled out metastatic disease. She underwent laparotomy and the mass was excised enbloc. Postoperative recovery was smooth and the hypoglycaemia resoled spontaneously. Final histopathologic examination was suggestive of well differentiated liposarcoma. At the 6-month follow-up, she was free from hypoglycemic episodes. This case highlights that NICTH can be a difficult diagnosis given its propensity to mimic several other benign conditions. NICTH can also be caused by liposarcomas. Diagnosis by excluding all other causes of hypoglycaemia is also an option where costly biochemical tests are unavailable. Surgical excision is the main stay of treatment

A Microsatellite Guided Insight into the Genetic Status of Adi, an Isolated Hunting-Gathering Tribe of Northeast India

Tibeto-Burman populations of India provide an insight into the peopling of India and aid in understanding their genetic relationship with populations of East, South and Southeast Asia. The study investigates the genetic status of one such Tibeto-Burman group, Adi of Arunachal Pradesh based on 15 autosomal microsatellite markers. Further the study examines, based on 9 common microsatellite loci, the genetic relationship of Adi with 16 other Tibeto-Burman speakers of India and 28 neighboring populations of East and Southeast Asia. Overall, the results support the recent formation of the Adi sub-tribes from a putative ancestral group and reveal that geographic contiguity is a major influencing factor of the genetic affinity among the Tibeto-Burman populations of India

Intertribal and Temporal Allele-Frequency Variation at the ABO Locus Among Tibeto-Burman-Speaking Adi Subtribes of Arunachal Pradesh, India

We studied the distribution of ABO blood group frequencies of the Galo and Mishing subtribes of the Adi tribal cluster in East Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh, India, in order to investigate the intertribal and temporal allelic variation. Blood groups O and AB showed higher frequencies (28.4%, 27.4%) in the Galo, whereas group O (45%) was predominant in the Mishing. Allele r is significantly different in the Galo (44.6%) and Mishing (60.3%). The chi-square test indicated significant deviations from Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium. Adi tribes show high heterogeneity and indicate significant temporal variation in ABO genotype frequencies in the Galo, Mishing, and Padam, whereas the Panggi, a small isolated subtribe of Adi, show similar and stable frequencies

Genetic Kinship Among an Isolated Adi Tribe of Arunachal Pradesh: Isonymy in the Adi Panggi

Isolated tribes in remote areas are important for genetic studies, and one such little known subtribe of the Adi tribe, namely, the Adi Panggi (Pangi) of the Upper Siang District of Arunachal Pradesh, India, was studied for surname distribution to deduce the deviation from random mating and genetic kinship between villages. The estimates of homonymy (homozygosity) vary between villages; husbands show wider variation (0.009 to 0.23) than wives (0.005 to 0.054). The remote villages of Sumsing and Sibum and Geku Town show lower entropy among husbands’ surnames than among Panggi wives. The highest equivalent surname number was found among Sibum husbands (9.9), Panggi wives (12.6), and Panggi and non-Panggi wives (13.5). The estimates of unbiased random isonymy among husbands and wives together showthe smallest values in Sibum (0.05) and the highest values in Sumsing and Ramku (0.16). The random and nonrandom components of the inbreeding coefficient show avoidance of inbreeding among the Panggi villages (−0.012 to −0.27) except in Sibum (0.012). Genetic kinship between villages based on theMij distance shows different clusters of villages among husbands and wives. Both the Panggi wives and the Panggi and non-Panggi wives show a similar pattern of clustering between villages. The wide homonymy variation between villages among the patrilocal Adi Panggi indicates differential genetic kinetics among husbands and wives, avoidance of inbreeding, and female-oriented differential gene flow with little effect on the overall intervillage genetic kinship

Genetic Heterogeneity Among Three Adi Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh, India

We studied the distribution of ABO blood groups among three little known subtribes of the Adi tribe, namely, the Panggi, Komkar, and Padam, of the East and Upper Siang districts of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Blood group O was the predominant group in the Komkar and Padam, whereas group A was the predominant group in the Panggi. Blood group AB was found to be the least frequent group in all three studied populations. The populations showed significant differences in blood groups A (43% in Panggi, 23% in Komkar, and 18% in Padam) and O (33% in Panggi, 54% in Komkar, and 61% in Padam). The chi-square test indicated significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, suggesting high heterogeneity among the tribes

Polymorphisms in ADH1B and ALDH2 genes associated with the increased risk of gastric cancer in West Bengal, India

Abstract Background Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed digestive tract cancers and carries a high risk of mortality. Acetaldehyde (AA), a carcinogenic intermediate of ethanol metabolism contributes to the risk of GC. The accumulation of AA largely depends on the activity of the major metabolic enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase encoded by the ADH (ADH1 gene cluster: ADH1A, ADH1B and ADH1C) and ALDH2 genes, respectively. This study aimed to evaluate the association between genetic variants in these genes and GC risk in West Bengal, India. Methods We enrolled 105 GC patients (cases), and their corresponding sex, age and ethnicity was matched to 108 normal individuals (controls). Genotyping for ADH1A (rs1230025), ADH1B (rs3811802, rs1229982, rs1229984, rs6413413, rs4147536, rs2066702 and rs17033), ADH1C (rs698) and ALDH2 (rs886205, rs968529, rs16941667 and rs671) was performed using DNA sequencing and RFLP. Results Genotype and allele frequency analysis of these SNPs revealed that G allele of rs17033 is a risk allele (A vs G: OR = 3.67, 95% CI = 1.54–8.75, p = 0.002) for GC. Significant association was also observed between rs671 and incidence of GC (p = 0.003). Moreover, smokers having the Lys allele of rs671 had a 7-fold increased risk of acquiring the disease (OR = 7.58, 95% CI = 1.34–42.78, p = 0.009). Conclusion In conclusion, rs17033 of ADH1B and rs671 of ALDH2 SNPs were associated with GC risk and smoking habit may further modify the effect of rs671. Conversely, rs4147536 of ADH1B might have a protective role in our study population. Additional studies with a larger patient population are needed to confirm our results

Additional file 2: Table S1. of Polymorphisms in ADH1B and ALDH2 genes associated with the increased risk of gastric cancer in West Bengal, India

Primers using for amplification of SNPs of ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH1C and ALDH2 gene, Description of data- list all primers used in the study. (DOCX 14 kb