Influence of fibres on temperature and pH responsiveness of microgel in the development of smart textiles

V diplomskem delu je bil proučevan vpliv surovinske sestave vlaken na temperaturno- in pH- odzivnost mikrogela na podlagi poli-(N-izopropilakrilamida) in hitozana (PNCS). Mikrogel PNCS je bil po impregnirnem postopku nanesen na tekstilije različnih surovinskih sestav, in sicer 100-odstoten bombaž (CO), viskozo (CV), volno (WO), poliamid (PA) in poliester (PES). Z uporabo vrstične elektronske mikroskopije (SEM) in infrardeče spektroskopije na Fourierevo transformacijo (FTIR) je bil v eksperimentalnem delu določen vpliv nanosa mikrogela PNCS na morfološke in kemijske lastnosti proučevanih vzorcev, odzivnost mikrogela PNCS pa določena z meritvami vsebnosti vlage (MC) in prepustnosti vodne pare (WVTR) pri temperaturah 20 in 40 °C ter z meritvami navzemanja vode (WU) pri temperaturah 20 in 40 °C ter pH medija 3 in 8. Z meritvami togosti ter pretržne sile in raztezka je bil proučen nanos mikrogela PNCS na mehansko-fizikal¬¬ne lastnosti oplemenitenih tekstilij. Rezultati eksperimentalnega dela so pokazali, da je nanos mikrogela PNCS vplival na hrapavost proučevanih tekstilij, medtem ko sama surovinska sestava ni vplivala na razporeditev mikrogela PNCS na površini vlaken. Prisotnost mikrogela PNCS v IR ATR-spektrih proučevanih vzorcev CO, CV in PES so potrdili novi absorpcijski trakovi, ki so značilni za amid I. in amid II. skupine, oz. absorpcijski trakovi, značilni za C-H in CH2 nihanja v primeru vzorcev WO in PA. Nanos mikrogela PNCS je vsem proučevanim vzorcem podelil toplotno odzivnost, kar se je najbolj odrazilo pri tkaninah CO in PES in nekoliko manj pri vzorcih CV, WO in PA. Za doseg dvojne temperaturne in pH-odzivnosti je bil nanos mikrogela PNCS najverjetneje prenizek, saj so proučevana vlakna s svojo naravno temperaturno in pH-odzivnostjo zasenčila delovanje mikrogela PNCS. Prisotnost mikrogela PNCS na vlaknih CO, CV in v PES je vplivala na povečanje togosti in pretržne sile oplemenitenih vzorcev, obenem pa je povzročila nižji pretržni raztezek. V primeru vzorca WO prisotnost mikrogela PNCS ni bistveno vplivala na togost, je pa vplivala na povečanje pretržne sile in raztezka, medtem ko je nanos mikrogela PNCS vplival na znižanje togosti vzorca PA, vpliv na pretržno silo in raztezek pa je bil glede na osnovne oz. votkovne niti različen.In diploma thesis, the influence of fiber type on the temperature and pH-responsiveness of poly-(N-isopropylacrylamide) and chitosan (PNCS)-based microgel was studied. Using the pad dry cure method, the PNCS microgel was applied to textiles with different raw material compositions, namely 100% cotton (CO), viscose (CV), wool (WO), polyamide (PA) and polyester (PES). In the experimental part, the influence of PNCS microgel on the morphological and chemical properties of the studied samples was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while the temperature and pH sensitivity of the PNCS microgel to the studied samples was determined by measuring the moisture content (MC) and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) at temperatures of 20 and 40 °C, and by measuring the water uptake (WU) at temperatures of 20 and 40 °C and pH of 3 and 8. The results of the experimental work showed that the application of PNCS microgel affected the roughness of the textiles studied, while the fiber type itself did not affect the distribution of PNCS microgel on the fiber surface, as determined by SEM. The presence of PNCS microgel in the IR ATR spectra of the CO, CV and PES samples was confirmed by new absorption bands characteristic of the amide I. and amide II. groups or the C-H and CH2 vibration in the case of the WO and PA samples. The presence of the PNCS microgel led to a thermal response in all the samples studied, which was most pronounced in the case of the CO and PES samples, followed by the CV, WO and PA samples. To achieve a dual temperature and pH-response, the application of the PNCS microgel was most likely too low, as the natural temperature and pH-response of the studied fibers must have blurred the performance of the PNCS microgel. The presence of PNCS microgel on the CO, CV, and PES fibers increased the stiffness and breaking strenght of these samples while resulting in lower elongation at break. For the WO sample, the presence of PNCS microgel did not significantly affect the stiffness, but it did increase the breaking strenght and elongation, while it decreased the stiffness of the PA sample. In this case, the breaking strenght and elongation differed in the warp and weft directions