290 research outputs found
Association of child neurodevelopmental or behavioural problems with maternal unemployment in a population-based birth cohort
April 14, 1988
The Breeze is the student newspaper of James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia
Quantified Reproducibility Assessment of NLP Results
Anya Belz, Maja Popovic, and Simon Mille. 2022. Quantified Reproducibility Assessment of NLP Results. In Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pages 16–28, Dublin, Ireland. Association for Computational Linguistics
Gestational age at birth and body size from infancy through adolescence: An individual participant data meta-analysis on 253,810 singletons in 16 birth cohort studies
Functional structure of the mitral cell dendritic tuft in the rat olfactory bulb
Author Posting. © Society for Neuroscience, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of Society for Neuroscience for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Neuroscience 28 (2008): 4057-4068, doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5296-07.2008.The input–output transform performed by mitral cells, the principal projection neurons of the olfactory bulb, is one of the key factors in understanding olfaction. We used combined calcium and voltage imaging from the same neuron and computer modeling to investigate signal processing in the mitral cells, focusing on the glomerular dendritic tuft. The main finding was that the dendritic tuft functions as a single electrical compartment for subthreshold signals within the range of amplitudes detectable by voltage-sensitive dye recording. These evoked EPSPs had uniform characteristics throughout the glomerular tuft. The Ca2+ transients associated with spatially uniform subthreshold synaptic potentials were comparable but not equal in amplitude in all regions. The average range of normalized amplitudes of the EPSP-driven Ca2+ signals from different locations on dendritic branches in the glomerular tuft was relatively narrow and appeared to be independent of the dendritic surface-to-volume ratio. The computer simulations constrained by the imaging data indicated that a synchronized activation of ~100 synapses randomly distributed on tuft branches was sufficient to generate spatially homogenous EPSPs. This number of activated synapses is consistent with the data from anatomical studies. Furthermore, voltage attenuation of the EPSP along the primary dendrite at physiological temperature was weak compared with other cell types. In the model, weak attenuation of the EPSP along the primary dendrite could be accounted for by passive electrical properties of the mitral cell.This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant NS4273
Generating Gender Augmented Data for NLP
Gender bias is a frequent occurrence in NLP-based applications, especially
pronounced in gender-inflected languages. Bias can appear through associations
of certain adjectives and animate nouns with the natural gender of referents,
but also due to unbalanced grammatical gender frequencies of inflected words.
This type of bias becomes more evident in generating conversational utterances
where gender is not specified within the sentence, because most current NLP
applications still work on a sentence-level context. As a step towards more
inclusive NLP, this paper proposes an automatic and generalisable rewriting
approach for short conversational sentences. The rewriting method can be
applied to sentences that, without extra-sentential context, have multiple
equivalent alternatives in terms of gender. The method can be applied both for
creating gender balanced outputs as well as for creating gender balanced
training data. The proposed approach is based on a neural machine translation
(NMT) system trained to 'translate' from one gender alternative to another.
Both the automatic and manual analysis of the approach show promising results
for automatic generation of gender alternatives for conversational sentences in
Spanish.Comment: 10 pages, 4 table
A Case of Neonatal Neutropenia Due to Anti-Fc Gamma Receptor IIIb Isoantibodies Treated with Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor
Alloimmunization to granulocyte-specific antigens can occur during pregnancy. Maternal antibodies of IgG class can cross the placenta to result in alloimmune neonatal neutropenia. Antibodies to human neutrophil antigens anti-HNA-1a, HNA-1b, and HNA-2a have been most commonly reported to cause alloimmune neonatal neutropenia. Isoantibodies to Fc gamma RIIIb (CD16) if mother is a HNA-null phenotype are rarely involved in neonatal neutropenia. We report on a case of severe neutropenia (440 neutrophils/μL) due to anti-Fc gamma RIIIb (CD16) isoimmunization. On day 14 severe omphalitis developed, which was treated for 7 days by an antibiotic (ceftriaxone in a dose of 80 mg/kg/d) according to umbilical swab finding. Omphalitis persisted for 10 days in spite of antibiotic therapy and only resolved upon the introduction of rhG-CSF therapy. Therapy with rh-GCSF proved efficient and led to neutrophil count increase to 1970/μL and cure of omphalitis. However, therapeutic effect on granulocyte count was of transient nature, as granulocyte count fell to 760 n/μL on day 4 of therapy discontinuation. Neutropenia persisted for 2 months. The newborn was discharged from the hospital on day 26 with normal clinical status with clinical and laboratory control examinations at 2-week intervals. No additional infections were observed during the course of neutropenia
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