Anti-hydroxyl radical activity, redox potential and anti-AChE activity of <i>Amanita strobiliformis</i> polysaccharide extract

<p>This study outlines antioxidant and anti-AChE activities of the polysaccharide (PSH) extract from the mushroom species <i>Amanita strobiliformis</i>. Both the presence of α and ß glucans within the aforementioned extract was recorded. PSH extract displayed a profound scavenging activity of OH radicals (IC₅₀ value, 11.86 ± 0.59 μg/mL) and high potential for reduction of Fe³⁺ ions (174.11 ± 8.70 mg eq. AA/g d.w.) being almost 48- and 5-fold more effective than mannitol and butylated hydroxytoluene used as a positive control, respectively. Compared with galanthamine (0.001 μg), the same extract exhibited a moderate anti-AChE activity (10 μg) <i>in solid</i>. Since purified PSH extract exhibited higher bioactivity (IC₅₀ value 7.27 ± 0.31 μg/mL, 197.68 ± 9.47 mg eq. AA/g d.w. and 0.1 μg, respectively), it can be predominantly ascribed to the polysaccharide compounds. <i>A. strobiliformis</i> PSH extract may be considered as a promising resource of potent bioactive polysaccharides of natural origin successfully addressing both oxidative stress and lack of acetylcholine.</p

Antioxidant proficiency in Serbian mushrooms: a comparative study on <i>Hydnum repandum</i> L. 1753 from mycorrhizal and edible niches

This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential of autochthonous Hydnum repandum through LC-MS/MS profiling, total phenolic content (TP), total protein content (TPR), and antioxidant capabilities (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays) across various extracts (CHCl3, acetone, 70% EtOH, 80% MeOH, and hot water). LC-MS/MS analysis revealed a predominant presence of quinic acid in polar solvents (ranging from 531.37 to 676.07 ng/mL), while EtOH and MeOH extracts exhibited elevated total phenolic levels (27.44 ± 0.32 and 28.29 ± 3.62 mg GAE/g d.w., respectively). Impressively, H. repandum showcased remarkable antioxidant properties, as evidenced by its FRAP values (57.29 to 199.96 mg AAE/g d.w.), ABTS values (5.69 to 29.95 mg TE/g d.w.), and IC50 values in the DPPH assay (91.40 to 372.55 μg/mL), which exhibited a strong correlation with TP. Notably, the acetone extract exhibited the most robust antioxidant activity where the highest TPR was observed, suggesting synergism of primary and secondary metabolites.</p

<i>Trametes versicolor</i> ethanol extract, a promising candidate for health–promoting food supplement

<p>This study aimed to estimate antiradical, antioxidant (AO) and cytotoxic activities of the fungus <i>Trametes versicolor</i> ethanol fruiting body extract. The extract was found to effectively scavenge both O₂^•− and NO^• (29.62 and 52.48 μg/mL, respectively). It also showed a good AO activity in the polarographic HPMC assay (950%/mL). <i>p</i>-Hydroxybenzoic acid may be one of the responsible compounds for the afore-mentioned activities. The same extract also exhibited a concentration-dependent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and HepG2 tumour cell lines reaching IC₅₀ values of 123.51 and 134.29 μg/mL, respectively with no cytotoxic activity against normal MRC-5 cells. Gentisic, syringic and protocatechuic acids may be among the bioactive principles for the observed cytotoxicity. Taken all together, <i>T. versicolor</i> ethanol extract can be considered as a promising candidate for development of health promoting food supplement.</p

The polysaccharide extracts from the fungi <i>Coprinus comatus</i> and <i>Coprinellus truncorum</i> do exhibit AChE inhibitory activity

<p>The polysaccharide (PSH) extracts from the edible mushroom species <i>Coprinus comatus</i> and <i>Coprinellus truncorum</i> were screened <i>in liquid</i> for their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory (AChE) activity. Both extracts were found to display inhibition of the aforementioned enzyme reaching similar IC₅₀ values of 0.62 ± 0.07 and 0.61 ± 0.03 mg/mL, respectively. According to the means of FTIR spectroscopy, these PSH extracts mostly contained β-glucans. However, the presence of some proteins and polyphenolics as minor ingredients were also detected. Compared with existing literature data for anti-AChE activity of the sugar samples, the findings within this study may be treated as a profound bioactivity. Consequently, this study puts some light on the possible use of the screened macrofungi in the palliative treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.</p