Bright Radical Star: Black Freedom and White Supremacy on the Hawkeye Frontier

Review of: Bright Radical Star: Black Freedom and White Supremacy on the Hawkeye Frontier. Dykstra, Robert R

American Sectionalism in the British Mind, 1832-1863

For decades, historians have debated whether or not the persistent Confederate dream of British intervention on their behalf in the Civil War ever had any chance of being realized. Always, that debate has focused on events, policies, and competing interests that influenced British decisions during the war itself. Peter O\u27Connor offers a fresh perspective on this enduring controversy by studying British attitudes towards the American sectional conflict during the antebellum years when the dispute was building and approaching the violent dimensions it would soon assume

Blind No More: African American Resistance, Free-Soil Politics, and the Coming of the Civil War

Jonathan Daniel Wells’ Blind No More: African American Resistance, Free-Soil Politics, and the Coming of the Civil Waris based on the Eugenia Dorothy Blount Lamar Lectures that Wells delivered in October 2017 at Mercer University in Georgia. Wells declares that his goal in this volume is to resolve the ongoing “struggle” in the United States to appreciate the role African Americans played in the sectional conflict that preceded the Civil War. By positioning African Americans at the “center of Civil War causation,” Wells believes he can achieve his goal and grant African Americans, slave and free, their rightful place in the American story

Microwave radar imaging of inhomogeneous breast phantoms using circular holography

Circular holography is a novel reconstruction technique for Breast Microwave Radar (BMR) imaging. Compared to current state of the art BMR image formation methods, this reconstruction approach yields spatially accurate images with higher signal to noise ratios and no artifacts. Nevertheless, a preclinical study is required to assess the feasibility of this technique in realistic breast imaging scenarios. In this paper, a series of preliminary results showing the performance of circular holography on preclinical datasets are presented. These datasets were recorded from inhomogeneous breast phantoms that mimic the dielectric properties and the anatomy of the different breast tissues. These phantoms were fabricated using Magnetic Resonance (MR) images a base model to emulate the shape and volumes of dense tissue regions. The reconstructed BMR images show that tumor and fibroglandular tissue responses can be effectively distinguished, suggesting that circular holography can be used as BMR reconstruction approach in clinical scenarios

Contrasts in active transport behaviour across four countries: how do they translate into public health benefits?

OBJECTIVE: Countries and regions vary substantially in transport related physical activity that people gain from walking and cycling and in how this varies by age and gender. This study aims to quantify the population health impacts of differences between four settings. METHOD: The Integrated Transport and Health Model (ITHIM) was used to estimate health impacts from changes to physical activity that would arise if adults in urban areas in England and Wales adopted travel patterns of Switzerland, the Netherlands, and California. The model was parameterised with data from travel surveys from each setting and estimated using Monte Carlo simulation. Two types of scenarios were created, one in which the total travel time budget was assumed to be fixed and one where total travel times varied. RESULTS: Substantial population health benefits would accrue if people in England and Wales gained as much transport related physical activity as people in Switzerland or the Netherlands, whilst smaller but still considerable harms would occur if active travel fell to the level seen in California. The benefits from achieving the travel patterns of the high cycling Netherlands or high walking Switzerland were similar. CONCLUSION: Differences between high income countries in how people travel have important implications for population health.The work was undertaken under the auspices of the Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), a UKCRC Public Health Research Centre of Excellence which is funded by the British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, the Economic and Social Research Council, the Medical Research Council, the National Institute for Health Research, and the Wellcome Trust (RG69032). James Woodcock is funded by an MRC Population Health Scientist fellowship (RG68972). Anna Goodman's contribution to this research was funded by a postdoctoral fellowship from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) (PDF-2010-03-130). The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health or those of other study funders.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.02.00

Health and Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Benefits of Ambitious Expansion of Cycling, Walking, and Transit in California

The purpose of this research was to quantify health co-benefits and carbon reductions of preferred scenarios of California regional transportation plans and alternatives with ambitious levels of active transport. The alternatives were designed to examine the efficacy of independent contributions of walking, bicycling, and transit at levels consistent with the U.S. Surgeon General recommendation for physical activity. Using data from travel and health surveys, vital statistics, collision databases, and outputs from regional and statewide travel models, the Integrated Transport and Health Impacts Model estimated the change in the population disease burden, as measured by deaths and disability adjusted life years (DALYs), due to a shift from a 2010 baseline travel pattern to an alternative. Health pathways modeled were physical activity and road traffic injuries. The preferred scenarios increased statewide active transport from 40.5 to 53.4 min.person-1w-1, which was associated with an annual decrease of 909 deaths and 16,089 DALYs. Sensitivity analyses that accounted for 2040 projected age- and sex-specific population characteristics and cause-specific mortality rates did not appreciably alter the annual change in deaths and DALYs on a population basis. The ambitious, maximal alternatives increased population mean travel duration to 283 min.person-1w-1 for walking, bicycling, or transit and were associated a reduction in deaths and DALYs from 2.5 to 12 times greater than the California preferred scenarios. The alternative with the largest health impact was bicycling 283 min.person-1w-1 which led to 8,543 fewer annual deaths and 194,003 fewer DALYs, despite an increase in bicyclist injuries. With anticipated population growth, no alternative achieved decreases in carbon emissions but bicycling had the greatest potential for slowing their growth. Alternatives that included transit similarly reduced carbon emissions, but with less health benefit. Aggressive expansion of active transport is an efficacious, but underutilized policy option with significant health co-benefits for mitigating greenhouse gases.We gratefully acknowledge the Metropolitan Transportation Commission, the Fresno Council of Governments, and the Southern California Association of Governments for providing travel data. Dr. Woodcock’s contribution was undertaken under the auspices of the Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), a UKCRC Public Health Research Centre of Excellence which is funded by the British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, Economic and Social Research Council, Medical Research Council, the National Institute for Health Research, and the Wellcome Trust

Interaction between creatinine and sulfonated derivatives of cobalt phthalocyanine

© 2017Sulfonated derivatives of cobalt phthalocyanine strongly fix the creatinine (2-amino-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ol) thus forming ordered dimeric structures. Such bonding may be used to create materials for sorption of creatinine from the solutions and to form direct liquid-phase systems based on metal phthalocyanines

Symmetrical and difunctional substituted cobalt phthalocyanines with benzoic acids fragments: Synthesis and catalytic activity

© 2017 World Scientific Publishing Company.Difunctional and symmetric phthalonitriles were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of brome and nitro-group in 4-bromo-5-nitro-phthalonitrile for residues 4-amino-, 4-hydroxyl- and 4-sulfanyl benzoic acid. Symmetrical and difunctional substituted cobalt phthalocyanines were obtained by template synthesis based on mentioned phthalonitriles. Their spectral properties and catalytic activity in aerobic oxidation of sodium N,N-carbomoditiolate were investigated

Symmetrical and difunctional substituted cobalt phthalocyanines with benzoic acids fragments: Synthesis and catalytic activity

© 2017 World Scientific Publishing Company Difunctional and symmetric phthalonitriles were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of brome and nitro-group in 4-bromo-5-nitro-phthalonitrile for residues 4-amino-, 4-hydroxyl- and 4-sulfanyl benzoic acid. Symmetrical and difunctional substituted cobalt phthalocyanines were obtained by template synthesis based on mentioned phthalonitriles. Their spectral properties and catalytic activity in aerobic oxidation of sodium (Formula presented.),(Formula presented.)-carbomoditiolate were investigated