Determination of the Concentration of Gases by Measurement of Pressure

For the determination of the concentration of gases by means of pressure measurement, a precise equation of state is given by which analysis can be carried out within an accuracy of 10 ppm. The parameters of the equation of state are explicitely reported for carbon dioxide, argon, and helium

Study of the heart muscle in health and disease

This thesis does not purport to bring to light any startling new theories or indeed any new matter at all. It endeavours to examine all heart conditions from the standpoint of the heart muscle and it aims at emphasising the great importance of the myocardium in cardiac disease. Modern research has shown conclusively that whatever kind of heart-lesion may be present, the real factor of importance is the state of the heart muscle. A healthy myocardium can compensate for every defect. The actual condition of the heart muscle is the one guide to treatment and the only sure index in prognosis

An economic evaluation of the silica gel adsorption process for the separation of hafnium from zirconium

An economic evaluation has been made of the silica gel adsorption process for the separation of hafnium and zirconium. It is estimated that hafnium-free zirconium can be prepared at a cost of $7.10 per pound in the form of ZrOCl-2·8H-2O. This salt is satisfactory for the preparation of ZrF-4 by the Ames wet process

Proposed Course of Study for the Jewell High School, Jewell, Oregon

This report consists of a proposed course of study of industrial arts subjects for the Jewell High School. The selected courses include leather, plastics, mechanical drawing, and woodworking. An outline of projects and procedures are presented. Also, a list of tools and equipment and their uses is included. The program of industrial arts in high school has been undergoing a change in the last thirty years. A careful study of the history and development of industrial arts indicates that the general shop idea has developed since World War I. Undoubtedly it is best suited to the high school level and has become popular because of its flexibility and exploratory nature. The general shop is a shop equipped to teach more than one subject at the same time under one teacher. Its chief purpose is to provide exploratory experiences and industrial information. The courses offered here were chosen after a close study of community needs and the facilities of the school.Industrial Engineering and Managemen

In vitro modelling of epithelial and stromal interactions in non-malignant and malignant prostates

To study the effects of stromal epithelial cell interactions on prostate cancer metastasis, we have used primary human prostatic stromal cells derived from malignant and non-malignant tissues and established epithelial cell lines from normal (PNT1a and PNT2-C2) and tumour (PC-3, DU145 and LNCaP) origins. The effects of stromal cells on epithelial cell growth were studied in direct and indirect (using culture inserts) co-culture and by exposure to stromal cell-conditioned medium (assessed by MTT assay). The influence of stromal cells on epithelial cell invasion was measured using matrigel invasion chambers and on epithelial cell motility using time lapse microscopy. Results indicated that epithelial cell line growth was similarly unaffected or inhibited by stromal cells derived from malignant (n = 8) or non-malignant tissue (n = 8). In contrast, PNT2-C2 and PC-3 cells were found to be the least and the most invasive and motile epithelia respectively. Stromal cultures enhanced the invasion of both epithelial cells, but no differences were observed between the use of malignant and non-malignant tissues. All stromal cultures modestly stimulated PNT2-C2 motility but displayed a greater stimulation of PC-3 cell motility, while stromal cells derived from malignant tissue stimulated PNT2-C2 and PC-3 cell motility more than stromal cultures from non-malignant tissues. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaig

Anaemia and blood transfusion in African children presenting to hospital with severe febrile illness

BACKGROUND: Severe anaemia in children is a leading cause of hospital admission and a major cause of mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, yet there are limited published data on blood transfusion in this vulnerable group. METHODS: We present data from a large controlled trial of fluid resuscitation (Fluid Expansion As Supportive Therapy (FEAST) trial) on the prevalence, clinical features, and transfusion management of anaemia in children presenting to hospitals in three East African countries with serious febrile illness (predominantly malaria and/or sepsis) and impaired peripheral perfusion. RESULTS: Of 3,170 children in the FEAST trial, 3,082 (97%) had baseline haemoglobin (Hb) measurement, 2,346/3,082 (76%) were anaemic (Hb <10 g/dL), and 33% severely anaemic (Hb <5 g/dL). Prevalence of severe anaemia varied from 12% in Kenya to 41% in eastern Uganda. 1,387/3,082 (45%) children were transfused (81% within 8 hours). Adherence to WHO transfusion guidelines was poor. Among severely anaemic children who were not transfused, 52% (54/103) died within 8 hours, and 90% of these deaths occurred within 2.5 hours of randomisation. By 24 hours, 128/1,002 (13%) severely anaemic children had died, compared to 36/501 (7%) and 71/843 (8%) of those with moderate and mild anaemia, respectively. Among children without severe hypotension who were randomised to receive fluid boluses of 0.9% saline or albumin, mortality was increased (10.6% and 10.5%, respectively) compared to controls (7.2%), regardless of admission Hb level. Repeat transfusion varied from ≤2% in Kenya/Tanzania to 6 to 13% at the four Ugandan centres. Adverse reactions to blood were rare (0.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Severe anaemia complicates one third of childhood admissions with serious febrile illness to hospitals in East Africa, and is associated with increased mortality. A high proportion of deaths occurred within 2.5 hours of admission, emphasizing the need for rapid recognition and prompt blood transfusion. Adherence to current WHO transfusion guidelines was poor. The high rates of re-transfusion suggest that 20 mL/kg whole blood or 10 mL/kg packed cells may undertreat a significant proportion of anaemic children. Future evaluation of the impact of a larger volume of transfused blood and optimum transfusion management of children with Hb of <6 g/dL is warranted. Please see related article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-014-0248-5. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12916-014-0246-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Theory of decoherence in a matter wave Talbot-Lau interferometer

We present a theoretical framework to describe the effects of decoherence on matter waves in Talbot-Lau interferometry. Using a Wigner description of the stationary beam the loss of interference contrast can be calculated in closed form. The formulation includes both the decohering coupling to the environment and the coherent interaction with the grating walls. It facilitates the quantitative distinction of genuine quantum interference from the expectations of classical mechanics. We provide realistic microscopic descriptions of the experimentally relevant interactions in terms of the bulk properties of the particles and show that the treatment is equivalent to solving the corresponding master equation in paraxial approximation.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures (minor corrections; now in two-column format

Crossing Borders, Organizations, Levels and Technologies: IS Collaboration in Humanitarian Relief

Humanitarian non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are increasingly facing complex challenges due to the high frequency of natural disasters and the growing number of actors in the humanitarian relief sector. One of these complex challenges is the management of information. In an attempt to mitigate these challenges, NGOs are increasingly collaborating through inter-organizational structures such as collaboration bodies to find mechanisms to coordinate information technologies. These collaboration bodies facilitate four kinds of “cross” collaboration; 1) cross organization, 2) cross border, 3) cross levels, and 4) cross technology. Within each collaboration body the role and function of a project also takes on special significance as much of the cross collaboration activities are channeled through projects that cross all four types of collaboration. In this paper we examine four case studies set in two collaboration bodies focused on IT in the humanitarian sector