Association Between Atopic Dermatitis and Educational Attainment in Denmark.

IMPORTANCE: Atopic dermatitis (AD) may affect academic performance through multiple pathways, including poor concentration associated with itching, sleep deprivation, or adverse effects of medications. Because educational attainment is associated with health and well-being, any association with a prevalent condition such as AD is of major importance. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether a childhood diagnosis of AD is associated with lower educational attainment. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This population-based cohort study used linked routine health care data from January 1, 1977, to June 30, 2017 (end of registry follow-up), in Denmark. The study population included all children born in Denmark on June 30, 1987, or earlier with an inpatient or outpatient hospital clinic diagnosis of AD recorded before their 13th birthday (baseline) and a comparison cohort of children from the general population matched by birth year and sex. A secondary analysis included exposure-discordant full siblings as a comparison cohort to account for familial factors. Data were analyzed from September 11, 2019, to January 21, 2021. EXPOSURES: Hospital-diagnosed AD. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Estimated probability or risk of not attaining specific educational levels (lower secondary, upper secondary, and higher) by 30 years of age among children with AD compared with children in the matched general population cohort. Corresponding risk ratios (RRs) were computed using Poisson regression that was conditioned on matched sets and adjusted for age. The sibling analysis was conditioned on family and adjusted for sex and age. RESULTS: The study included a total of 61 153 children, 5927 in the AD cohort (3341 male [56.4%]) and 55 226 from the general population (31 182 male [56.5%]). Compared with matched children from the general population, children with AD were at increased risk of not attaining lower secondary education (150 of 5927 [2.5%] vs 924 of 55 226 [1.7%]; adjusted RR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.26-1.78) and upper secondary education (1141 of 5777 [19.8%] vs 8690 of 52 899 [16.4%]; RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.09-1.24), but not higher education (2406 of 4636 [51.9%] vs 18 785 of 35 408 [53.1%]; RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91-1.00). The absolute differences in probability were less than 3.5%. The comparison of 3259 children with AD and 4046 of their full siblings yielded estimates that were less pronounced than those in the main analysis (adjusted RR for lower secondary education, 1.29 [95% CI, 0.92-1.82]; adjusted RR for upper secondary education, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.93-1.18]; adjusted RR for higher education, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.87-1.02]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This population-based cohort study found that hospital-diagnosed AD was associated with reduced educational attainment, but the clinical importance was uncertain owing to small absolute differences and possible confounding by familial factors in this study. Future studies should examine for replicability in other populations and variation by AD phenotype

Boissons sucrées en relation avec l'insulinorésistance chez les jeunes cris de la Baie James

Ce projet visait à évaluer l'association entre la consommation de boissons sucrées et l’insulinorésistance (IR) chez les jeunes cris (9-18 ans) provenant de sept communautés cries de la Baie James. Les apports en boissons sucrées ont été obtenus à l’aide d’un questionnaire de fréquence alimentaire. L’hyperinsulinémie (HI), définie par un niveau d’insuline à jeun ≥90 pmol/L, a été considérée comme un marqueur d’IR. La consommation de boissons sucrées a été associée à un risque plus élevé d’HI, notamment chez les non obèses. Comparativement à ceux qui en buvaient < 0,5 fois/j, les rapports de cote (RC) multivariés d’HI étaient de 2,38 (0,76–7,48) pour une consommation de 0,5–0,9 fois/j, de 4,48 (1,49–13,5) pour 1–1,9 fois/j, et de 7,69 (2,28–25,9) pour ≥2 fois/j (Ptendance =0,001) chez les non obèses. D'autres études longitudinales et cliniques s’avèreraient nécessaires pour confirmer ces résultats et établir des politiques de prévention du diabète.This project evaluates the association between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and insulin resistance (IR) among youth (9-18 years old) from seven Cree communities of Eastern James Bay. SSB intake was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Hyperinsulinemia (HI), defined as fasting insulin ≥90 pmol/L, was used as a surrogate of IR. Intakes of SSB were associated with higher HI risk, especially among the non-obese. Compared to those drinking SSB < 0.5 times/day, multivariate odd ratios (OR) of HI were 2.38 (0.76–7.48) for those drinking 0.5–0.9 times/day, 4.48 (1.14–13.5) for those drinking 1–1.9 times/day, and 7.69 (2.28–25.9) for those drinking ≥2 times/day (Ptrend =0.001) among the non-obese. Further longitudinal and clinical studies are needed to confirm this finding and to establish more targeted diabetes prevention policies

Similar early mortality risk after cemented compared with cementless total hip arthroplasty for primary osteoarthritis: data from 188,606 surgeries in the Nordic Arthroplasty Register Association database

Background and purpose — Current literature indicates no difference in 90-day mortality after cemented compared with cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, previous studies are hampered by potential selection bias and suboptimal adjustment for comorbidity confounding. Therefore, we examined the comorbidity-adjusted mortality up to 90 days after cemented compared with cementless THA performed due to osteoarthritis. Patients and methods — Using the Nordic Arthroplasty Register Association database, 2005–2013, we included 108,572 cemented and 80,034 cementless THA due to osteoarthritis. We calculated the Charlson comorbidity index of each patient based on data from national patient registers. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate unadjusted all-cause mortality. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for 14, 30-, and 90-day mortality comparing cemented with cementless THA, adjusting for age, sex, comorbidity, nation, and year of surgery. Results — Cumulative all-cause mortality within 90 days was 0.41% (CI 0.37–0.46) after cemented and 0.26% (CI 0.22–0.30) after cementless THA. The adjusted HR for cemented vs. cementless fixation was 0.97 (CI 0.79–1.2), and similar risk estimates were obtained for mortality within 14 (adjusted HR 0.91 [CI 0.64–1.3]) and 30 days (adjusted HR 0.94 [CI 0.71–1.3]). We found no clinically relevant differences in mortality between cemented and cementless THA in analyses stratified by age, sex, Charlson comorbidity index, or year of surgery. Interpretation — After adjustment for comorbidity as an important confounder, we observed similar early mortality between the 2 fixation techniques