Results of the model fitting for the hypotheses on dominant immune modes of action.

<p>Results of the model fitting for the hypotheses on dominant immune modes of action.</p

Fitting of immune response data.

<p>The calculated values for the immune response (lines) are plotted against the observed values (plus sign). Note the difference of time scales between the rows.</p

Immune function curve parameters.

<p>Immune function curve parameters.</p

Parameter for the viral load clearance model under hypothesis VPε-sLTμ.

<p>Parameter for the viral load clearance model under hypothesis VPε-sLTμ.</p

Schematic representation of the ODE model.

<p>Healthy cells produce other healthy cells (rate proportional to <i>g</i>) and die at rate <i>d</i>. The virus triggers the conversion of healthy cells into infected cells (rate <i>β</i>). Infected cells die at rate <i>d·k</i> and produce the virus at rate <i>p</i>, which is cleared at rate <i>c</i>. The immune system can intervene through three different mechanisms: blocking virus production (<i>ε(t)</i>), enhancing infected cell death (<i>μ(t)</i>) and blocking infection (<i>ν(t)</i>).</p

Modelled time course of BKV viral load clearance for hypothesis VPε-sLTμ.

<p>The results of the model (Eqs <a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005998#pcbi.1005998.e005" target="_blank">3</a>–<a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005998#pcbi.1005998.e014" target="_blank">5</a>) under hypothesis VPε-sLTμ (<a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005998#pcbi.1005998.s002" target="_blank">S2 Table</a>) using the parameters in <a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005998#pcbi.1005998.t004" target="_blank">Table 4</a> are plotted: viral load (<i>V</i>(t)) is shown as a black line, the immune responses virus production blockage (<i>ε</i>(t)) and accelerated killing of infected cells (<i>μ</i>(t)) are shown in green and red, respectively. Observed viral load values are shown as black plus signs. Please note the difference of time scales between the rows.</p

Viral load and immune response data of the patients.

<p>For each patient, the time course of viral load (black) and the Elispot read-out for each immunogenic BKV antigen (coloured) are plotted. The change of immunosuppressant therapy is marked as a dashed blue line. This change in immunosuppressant therapy is known to foster the development of an immune response against BKV. On the upper row the patients that had not cleared within 700 days after transplantation are shown, while those that achieved clearance in a shorter time appear in the lower row. Please note the difference of time scales between the rows.</p