EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTISEPTIC BASED ON GANDARIA LEAVES (Bouea macrophylla Griff) ON THE GROWTH OF Staphylococcus aureus AND Escherichia coli

Gandaria leaves (Boea macrophylla Griff) have potential as antibacterial. The ability to inhibit bacterial growth is inseparable from the role of active compounds, namely flavonoids, tannins, quinones and triterpenoids. Growth by microbes needs to be controlled, namely by inhibiting microorganisms, one way is by using chemicals, namely antiseptics. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of antiseptics made from gandaria leaves against the growth of S. aureus and E. coli bacteria. The concentrations of the ethanol extract of gandaria leaves used were 5%, 15% and 25% and betadine (+) and aquades (-) were used as controls. Antiseptic effectiveness test against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria using disc diffusion method. The test results showed that the antiseptic based on gandaria leaves had the ability to inhibit the growth of S. aureus with a concentration of 15% at 2.00 mm and 25% at 4.00 mm. Meanwhile, for E. coli bacteria, antiseptic made from gandaria leaves has an inhibition zone at a concentration of 15% at 1.00 mm. In accordance with the criteria for antiseptic power according to Davis Stout, gandaria leaves which are used as basic ingredients for antiseptics are included in the criteria for very weak antiseptic power (≤5). Therefore, the antiseptic based on gandaria leaves in this study was less effective in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus and E. coli bacteria

SAINS ITU MENYENANGKAN: ASISTENSI MENGAJAR IPA PADA SMP DI KECAMATAN LEIHITU

Science learning is still difficult to understand for Junior High School students in Leihitu District, Ambon Island. The main cause are the teacher's lack of creativity to designing concrete science lessons and incomplete laboratory facilities. This problem was slightly resolved with practical-based learning in the Lecturer Teaching Assistance of Pattimura University in 2022. The activity was carried out 4 times in class IX students at SMPN 103 Central Maluku and SMP Muhammadyah Mamala on December 13-17 2022. The topic being taught was electricity static and dynamic in life, magnetism and its uses, biotechnology and land and the sustainability of life. The mean scores of the two schools' student satisfaction levels for this activity were 3,401 and 3,408, respectively, in the strongly agree category. The continuation of Lecturer Teaching Assistance needs to be carried out because it is very beneficial to improve the quality of science learning in school

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF BINAHONG ROOT EXTRACT (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) IN TREATMENT OF BOILS

Infectious diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus can be cured with traditional medicine, One example of a plant that has antibacterial power is binahong root. This study aims to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum killing concentration (MBC) of binahong root extract against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Binahong root extract was obtained from maceration using absolute ethanol solvent. Furthermore, the extract obtained was made with a concentration dilution of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The method used is disc diffusion. The results showed that each concentration of binahong root extract had an inhibitory effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This is influenced by the active compounds contained in the binahong root extract such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids. Binahong root extract concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% were found to have zones of inhibition against the growth of S. aureus bacteria and the minimum inhibitory level (MIC) of Binahong root extract against the growth of S. aureus bacteria at a concentration of 5%

Determination of free radical scavenging activity, phenolic and flavonoid content of seven corn cultivars from the Southwest Maluku District, Indonesia

Sinay H, Mahulette F, YáñezJA. 2022. Determination of free radical scavenging activity, phenolicand flavonoid content of seven corn cultivars from the Southwest Maluku District, Indonesia.Biodiversitas 23:5974-5981.The variation of corn (Zea maysL.) kernel might be considered as a surrogate indicator of the phytochemical and bioactive content. This study aimed to determine the phenolics, flavonoids, and free radical scavenging activity of seven local corn cultivars from Kisar Island, Southwest Maluku District in Indonesia. Sample extraction was done by the maceration method. Flavonoid content wasdetermined using the Dowd method, and total phenolic content was performed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Free radical scavenging activity was determined using the DPPH radical scavenging method. One-way ANOVA was performed with Duncan multiple range tests to assess the differences between corn seed cultivars, and p < 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. The results show that the total flavonoid content varied from 8.463 mg QE/mg (Putihcultivar) to 40.075 mg QE/mg (Kuning Dalamcultivar). Total polyphenol content also varied between 105.63 mg GAE/mg (Merah Delima Tongkol Putihcultivar) and 136.41 mg GAE/mg (Pulutcultivar). The antioxidant activity by DPPH assay determined that the seven local corn cultivars had IC50values that were similar to quercetin (used as control), some were even lower. The IC50value of the seven local corn cultivars ranged from 5.56 to 16.96 μg/mL, while quercetinhad an IC50value of 11.97 μg/mL. It was observed that theMerah Delima Tongkol Cokelat, Merah Delima Tongkol Putih,andPutihcultivars had comparable antioxidant activity to the control quercetin. TheMerah Darah, Kuning Genjah, andKuning Dalamcultivars exhibited a statistically significant higher antioxidant capacity than quercetin. These results can contribute to the selection of corn cultivars to harvest for commercial purposes and potential nutraceutical applications

Decreasing SGPT level and macrophage activity through CD68 expression in the Balb/c mice (Mus musculus) liver infected with Salmonella typhi after treating with atung seeds (Parinarium glaberimmun Hassk)

Normally macrophages are always in the body and spread in various body tissues such as liver tissue (Kupffer cells). Macrophages in tissue can be identified by the expression of several markers, in humans the marker is CD68. The increase and decrease in macrophage activity in the liver can also be indicated by an increase in SGPT levels so that atung seeds have the ability to inhibit the growth of S. tyhpi bacteria which contain tannin compounds which can damage microbial cell walls and form bonds with microbial functional proteins so that bacterial growth is inhibited. The purpose of this study was to determine the SGPT levels and macrophage activity. The method used is laboratory experiment. The results showed an increase in SGPT levels in the positive control (87.00 ± 2,915) and a concentration of 25% (84.20 ± 3,962) and a decrease in SGPT levels in the negative control (50.80 ± 2.168 *), 50% concentration (78.20 ± 3.114 *) and concentrations. 75% (58.20 ± 3,834), decreased macrophage activity in the liver also occurred at a concentration of 50% and at a concentration of 75%, the liver was normal, which was indicated by the resulting brown expressio

INTEGRATION OF PROJECT BASED LEARNING ETHNOSAINS TENUN IKAT TO IMPROVE UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE CONCEPTS AND CREATIVE THINKING STUDENTS JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL (SMP) TANIMBAR

This study aims to determine increased understanding of the concept of science through the integration of ethnoscience tenun ikat project based learning at SMP tanimbar, improving the ability to think creatively through the integration of the ethnoscience, differences in understanding the concept of science through the integration of project based learning ethnoscience, and differences in the ability to think creatively through the integration of ethnoscience. This research was conducted on April 26 – June 26 2021 located at SMPN 3 Wuarlabobar, SMPN 3 Waturu, SMP Christen Batuputih, SMPN 1 Atap Wermatang. The research design used a quasi-experimental design used two groups, namely the experimental group and the control group. The results of the study show that the integration of project based learning into the learning process can improve understanding of science concepts and ability to think creatively. The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant difference in the value of understanding science concepts and students' creative thinking ability between the sample groups of SMP Negeri 3 Wuarlabobar, SMP Negeri 3 Waturu, SMP Christen Batuputih and SMP 1 Atap Wertmatang

PENGARUH UMUR PANEN SALAK TERHADAP KADAR VITAMIN C BUAH SALAK MERAH (Salacca edulis Reinw) DARI DESA RIRING KECAMATAN TANIWEL KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN BARAT

Background:&nbsp;In Maluku Province, especially in Riring village, there is one variety of salak, namely red salak, which has a nutritional content, namely vitamin C. Vitamin C is a nutrient that acts as an antioxidant. This study aimed to determine the effect of the harvesting age of salak on vitamin C levels in red salak fruit. Methods: This study is an experimental study using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications to determine the average vitamin C levels. Analysis of vitamin C levels using the titration method. The data obtained were analyzed using T-test analysis. Results:&nbsp;Based on the study results, the average vitamin C content at harvest age is four months (12.45%), and the average vitamin C content at harvest age is six months (9.53%). The results of the T-test analysis showed that there was a significant effect between the two harvest ages because t-count (19.674)&gt;t-table (2.776). This condition happens because vitamin C is a type of vitamin that is easily oxidized. Conclusion:&nbsp;There is a significant effect between vitamin C levels of red salak fruit aged four months and six months old, where t-count (19.674)&gt; t-table (2.776)

Potential of vegetable waste as alternative production bioelectricity

Energy use is closely related to world economic growth and urbanization. Therefore, research was carried out by utilizing organic vegetable waste as a source of renewable energy. This study aims to determine variations in incubation time of vegetable waste that affect electricity production and to determine differences in bio-electricity production based on variations in incubation time of vegetable waste. The results of bioelectricity measurements in the Microbial Fuel Cell reactor, the maximum production of bioelectricity is found at the incubation period of 7 days, namely 9.48 mA at the 0th minute (initial), the maximum electric voltage is 288 mV at the 60th minute, the maximum power is 2205.50 mW in the 30th minute, and the maximum power density is 152.10 mW/m2 in the 30th minute

PROFIL ASAM AMINO DAN ASAM LEMAK DALAM FERMENTASI INASUA GURARA

Pengolahan inasua yang dilakukan masyarakat Teon, Nila, dan Serua di Maluku terdiri atas inasua tanpa nira kelapa dan inasua nira kelapa. Kedua produk fermentasi ini memiliki karakteristik sensorik dan masa simpan yang berbeda. Karakteristik sensorik bahan pangan sangat ditentukan oleh kadar asam amino dan asam lemak dalam pangan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi profil asam amino dan asam lemak dalam kedua jenis inasua. Sampel inasua menggunakan ikan gurara (Lutjanus vitta) sebagai bahan dasar yang diambil dari pengrajin di Desa Layeni, Maluku Tengah. Analisis kadar asam amino menggunakan High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), sedangkan kadar asam lemak menggunakan Gas Chromatography (GC).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar asam amino dan asam lemak meningkat sejalan bertambahnya waktu fermentasi.  Kadar asam amino total inasua tanpa nira adalah 20,96 %, sedangkan inasua nira hanya mencapai 15,31%. Kadar asam lemak total inasua nira adalah 87,48 %, sedangkan inasua tanpa nira hanya mencapai  58,59 %. Asam amino tertinggi pada kedua inasua adalah asam glutamat, sedangkan asam lemak tertinggi adalah asam palmitat. Profil asam amino dan asam lemak diperlukan sebagai referensi untuk memperbaiki nilai nutrisi dan cita rasa inasua sebagai salah satu produk pangan lokal di Maluku. Kata kunci : Asam glutamat, asam palmitat, karakteristik sensorik, nira kelap

KELIMPAHAN DAN KARAKTERISTIK BAKTERI KOLIFORM PADA BAKASANG BIA GARU (Tridacna gigas L) BERDASARKAN JENIS BAHAN PENGAWET

Background: Giant clam or bia garu is a kind of bivalves in the coral ecosystems. This biota is used as the raw material for processing bakasang by the people of the Babar Islands in Maluku. Preservatives used in the processing of bakasang are depend on the habits of the people. This study aims to determine the number and characteristics of coliform bacteria in clams bakasang based on the type of preservative. Methods:The presumptive test used the Most Probably Number (MPN) method on Lactose broth followed by characterization on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA) media. Result: The number of coliform bacteria in clams bakasang using palmyra vinegar was 20 MPN/g while bakasang using salt and vinegar was 150 MPN/g. The macroscopic characterization of coliform bacteria in both types of clams bakasang were metallic green and pink with varying edges and elevations. &nbsp;In bakasang using palmyra vinegar were also found yellow and white coliform bacteria. The Microscopic characterization of coliform bacteria in clams bakasang was Gram negative rods with varied cell arrangement. Conclusion: It is suspected that these bacteria belong to the genera Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Escherichia