The effect of resistance training on plasma and skeletal muscles sphingosine-1-phosphate levels of male Wistar rat

زمینه و هدف: اسفنگوزین-1-فسفات (S1P) یک اسفنگولیپید بیواکتیو مشتق شده از پلاکت ها می باشد که در تنظیم تکثیر، تمایز، هایپرتروفی و مقابله با مرگ برنامه ریزی شده سلولی و فعال سازی سلول های ماهواره ای درگیر می باشد. هدف این تحقیق بررسی اثر یک دوره تمرین مقاومتی 8 هفته ای بر میزان اسفنگوزین-1-فسفات (S1P) در پلاسما و عضلات کند و تند انقباض موش صحرایی نر نژاد ویستار بوده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی 24 سر موش صحرایی 8 هفته ای نر نژاد ویستار (190-250گرم) بصورت تصادفی به دو گروه کنترل (12n=) و تجربی (12n=) تقسیم شدند. در گروه تجربی 8 هفته تمرینات مقاومتی انجام شد. نردبان مقاومتی یک متری با فاصله میله های 2 سانتی متری با شیب 85 درجه به عنوان وسیله تمرین مقاومتی و وزنه های متصل شده به دم حیوان بعنوان مقاومت استفاده شد. مقدار اسفنگوزین-1-فسفات در لایه کلروفرم بوسیله دستگاه کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارآیی بالا (HPLC) اندازه گیری شد. یافته ها: تمرین مقاومتی محتوای اسفنگوزین-1-فسفات در عضلات تا کننده بلند انگشت شست پا (تند انقباضی) (003/0P=)، و نعلی (کند انقباضی) (008/0P=) و پلاسما (001/0P=) را در مقایسه با گروه کنترل افزایش داد. نتیجه گیری: تمرین مقاومتی بطور قابل ملاحظه ای بر میزان اسفنگوزین-1-فسفات عضلات اسکلتی تند و کند و پلاسما موش صحرایی اثر می گذارد. با توجه به نقش ساختاری و عملکردی این اسفنگولیپید از آنجا که این فاکتور بدنبال یک دوره تمرین مقاومتی افزایش می یابد، شاید یکی از فاکتورهای رشدی در مسیرهای سیگنال دهی در هایپرتروفی عضلانی باشد

Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on paraoxonase serum activity and lipid peroxidation metabolites in rat

BACKGROUND: Atherogenic effects of ELF-MF exposure have not been studied well so far. Therefore we have hypothesized that ELF-MF exposure might have atherogenic effect by impairing antioxidant function and increasing lipid peroxidation. This study was therefore undertaken to examine the effects of ELF-MF on paraoxonase (PON) activity, antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation metabolites. Effects of time on remodeling of antioxidant system were also investigated in this study. METHODS: Seventy five Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups as follows: 1) Sham exposure, 2) Single exposure to 60 Hz, sacrificed immediately after exposure, 3) Single exposure to 60 Hz, sacrificed 72 hours after exposure, 4) Fourteen days of exposure to 60 Hz, sacrificed immediately after exposure, and 5) Fourteen days of exposure to 60 Hz, sacrificed 72 hours after exposure. Blood samples were collected and analyzed. The results were compared using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey HSD for multiple caparisons. RESULTS: Single ELF-MF exposure significantly increased lipid peroxidation (CD and MDA) and increased antioxidant serum activity (HDL, paraoxonase activity, and serum total antioxidant capacity). Chronic ELF-MF exposure increased lipid peroxidation and affected antioxidant system. Free fatty acids levels were significantly increased after both single and two weeks exposure. Chronic exposure led to irreversible changes while acute exposure tended to reversible alterations on above mentioned parameters. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of this study, ELF-MF exposure could impair oxidant-antioxidant function and might increase oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Antioxidant capability was dependent on the duration and continuity of ELF-MF exposure

The study of effect of resistance training on plasma S1P level and gene expression of S1P1,2,3 receptors in male Wistar rat

Aim. The purpose of present study was to study the effect of 8 weeks resistance training on plasma Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) level and gene expression of S1P receptors in skeletal muscles of male Wistar rat. Methods. In this study 24 (8 week-old) male Wistar rats (190-250 gr) were divided randomly to a control (N.=12) and a training (N.=12) group. Resistance ladder was 1 meter height with 2 cm grid ladder. The content of plasma S1P and relative mRNA expression of S1P receptors were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Real-time PCR, respectively. Results. Resistance training increased the content of plasma S1P of exercised group compared to control group (P=0.001). Furthermore, Resistance exercise training increased the gene expression of S1P1 (P=0.001), S1P2 (P=0.000) and S1P3 receptors (P=0.021) in exercised flexor hallucis longus (FHL) compared to control group. In soleus (SOL) muscle, resistance training increased the gene expression of S1P1 (P=0.000), S1P2 (P=0.603) and S1P3 receptors (P=0.009). Conclusion. The key conclusion is that resistance training strongly caused to increase in plasma SIP content and its receptors in skeletal muscles of rat that might indicate to the involvement of S1P signalling in the molecular events controlling adaptations of resistance trained muscles which needs to be elucidated in future studies

Replication of TCF7L2 rs7903146 association with type 2 diabetes in an Iranian population

The transcription factor 7-like 2 gene (TCF7L2) rs7903146 T allele is constantly associated with Type 2 diabetes in various populations and ethnic groups. Nevertheless, this has not been observed in two studies involving Arab populations. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between TCF7L2 rs7903146 in an Iranian population. Type 2 diabetes patients (N = 258) and normal healthy control subjects (N = 168) from the same area, were examined. The ARMS- PCR (Amplification Refractory Mutation System) technique, subsequently validated by direct sequencing, was used for genotyping. Allele and genotype frequencies were significantly different between patients and controls TT vs. CT + CC [p 0.0081 OR 3.4 95%CI (1.27-11.9)] and T vs. C allele [p 0.02 OR 1.4 95%CI (1.03-1.9)]. Our data thus confirm the association between the rs7903146 T allele and T2D in an Iranian population, contrary to previous reports in Arab populations. This can possibly be attributed to differences in ethnic background or the effects of environmental factors

The p.Arg435His Variation of IgG3 With High Affinity to FcRn Is Associated With Susceptibility for Pemphigus Vulgaris—Analysis of Four Different Ethnic Cohorts

IgG3 is the IgG subclass with the strongest effector functions among all four IgG subclasses and the highest degree of allelic variability among all constant immunoglobulin genes. Due to its genetic position, IgG3 is often the first isotype an antibody switches to before IgG1 or IgG4. Compared with the other IgG subclasses, it has a reduced half-life which is probably connected to a decreased affinity to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). However, a few allelic variants harbor an amino acid replacement of His435 to Arg that reverts the half-life of the resulting IgG3 to the same level as the other IgG subclasses. Because of its functional impact, we hypothesized that the p.Arg435His variation could be associated with susceptibility to autoantibody-mediated diseases like pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and bullous pemphigoid (BP). Using a set of samples from German, Turkish, Egyptian, and Iranian patients and controls, we were able to demonstrate a genetic association of the p.Arg435His variation with PV risk, but not with BP risk. Our results suggest a hitherto unknown role for the function of IgG3 in the pathogenesis of PV

Interleukin-1 beta, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with coronary artery disease

BACKGROUND: Several inflammatory mediators have been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quantitative expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in un-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1&beta;), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma (IFN-&gamma;) gene expression were evaluated in angiography confirmed patients with and without CAD in a case-control study using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: A significant increase (P = 0.030) in IL-1&beta; gene expression was found in patients with CAD [median interquartile range (IQR) = 4.890 (6.084)] compared to patients without CAD [median (IQR) = 1.792 (3.172)]. Despite the increase in IFN-&gamma; gene expression in patients with CAD [median (IQR) = 1.298 (3.896)] versus patients without CAD [median (IQR) = 0.841 (2.79)], there was not statistically significant difference (P = 0.990). CONCLUSION: Our results provide evidence for possible association between IL-1&beta; and development of atherosclerosis as a crucial cytokine that induce a network of signaling pathways. This finding if proved in future would suggest IL-1&beta; as a potent therapeutic target in CAD.&nbsp;</p

HLA-Cw Allele Frequency in Definite Meniere’s Disease Compared to Probable Meniere’s Disease and Healthy Controls in an Iranian Sample

Introduction Several lines of evidence support the contribution of autoimmune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Meniere’s disease. The aim of this study was determining the association between HLA-Cw Alleles in patients with definite Meniere’s disease and patients with probable Meniere’s disease and a control group.  Materials and Methods: HLA-Cw genotyping was performed in 23 patients with definite Meniere’s disease, 24 with probable Meniere’s disease, and 91 healthy normal subjects, using sequence specific primers polymerase chain reaction technique. The statistical analysis was performed using stata 8 software.  Results: There was a significant association between HLA-Cw*04 and HLA-Cw*16 in both definite and probable Meniere’s disease compared to normal healthy controls. We observed a significant difference in HLA-Cw*12 frequencies between patients with definite Meniere’s disease compared to patients with probable Meniere’s disease (P=0.04). The frequency of HLA-Cw*18 is significantly higher in healthy controls (P=0.002).  Conclusion: Our findings support the rule of HLA-Cw Alleles in both definite and probable Meniere’s disease. In addition, differences in HLA-Cw*12 frequency in definite and probable Meniere’s disease in our study’s population might indicate distinct immune and inflammatory mechanisms involved in each condition

Associations between HLA-C Alleles and Definite Meniere's Disease

Both genetic and environmental factors seem to play role in the etiology of Meniere's disease (MD). Several genes may be involved in susceptibility of MD including Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA). The associations between MD and HLA alleles have been previously studied in other populations and certain HLA alleles were shown to be predisposing. The aim of this study was to determine the association between HLA-C allele frequencies and definite MD in patients who refer to Amir-Alam otolaryngology tertiary referral center in Tehran. Patients  with  definite  MD  (N=22)  enrolled  according  to  the  diagnostic  criteria  of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS). Cases with all 3 symptoms of MD (Vertigo, Tinnitus and lower frequency of sensory-neural hearing loss) were included and those with suspected MD were excluded from study. HLA-Cw allele frequencies  were  determined  in  patients  non-related  healthy  controls  (N=91)  using PCR -SSP. We found that the frequency of HLACw*04 was significantly higher in patients compared to the controls [P = 0.0015, OR; 20, 95% CI (3.7-196.9)]. Our results revealed that HLA-C is a genetic predisposing factor in definite MD in patients who refer to Amir-Alam otolaryngology tertiary referral center

Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy in a Youth Presented with Sclerotic and Lytic Bone Lesions; a Family with AGPAT2 Mutation

BackgroundCongenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) is a rare disease. It is associated with near total fat loss, severe insulin resistance and hypoleptinemia leading to metabolic derangements.Case PresentationWe report a 25- year- old female with 1-Acylglycerol-3-phosphate-O-acyltransferase 2 (APGAT2) mutation, and both sclerotic and lytic bone lesions together for the first time. Bone cyst is one of the manifestations of CGL with AGPAT2 mutation. Patients usually have sclerotic bone lesions before and lytic bone lesions after puberty. Our patient had lytic bone lesions in (femur) long bones and also sclerotic lesions in the pelvic which was related to AGPAT2 mutation.ConclusionThe young female hadacral enlargement, hepatomegaly and both sclerotic and cystic bone lesions with AGPAT2 mutation