Mycobiome in the Middle Ear Cavity with and Without Otitis Media with Effusion

Objective:No data have yet been published revealing the composition and the diversity of fungal communities (mycobiome) in the human middle ear cavity. The presented study investigated the mycobiome in the middle ear cavities of individuals with healthy middle ears and patients with otitis media with effusion.Methods:A total of 77 middle ear and four adenoid samples were collected from 47 individuals (35 children and 12 adults) in Group 1 and from 20 children in Group 2. The mycobiome profile was analyzed with nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) based metabarcoding using an Illumina MiSeq metagenomics kit.Results:ITS2-based metabarcoding detected 14 different genera and 17 different species with a mean relative abundance of ≥1% in the samples analyzed. Mycobiome profile was similar between the adenoid tissue and the middle ear cavity, between Groups 1 and Group 2, and between children and adults. Fusarium, Stemphylium, Candida, and Cladosporium were the most abundant genera detected in all samples. The mean relative abundances of the genera Candida and Fusarium were remarkably higher in Group 2 compared to Group 1.Conclusion:The species Candida glaebosa, Candida cretensis, Aspergillus ruber, Penicillium desertorum, and Rhizopus arrhizus were significantly more abundant in patients with otitis media with effusion (OME), raising the possibility that they affect the pathogenesis of OME

Investigation of the Protective Effect of Nigella Sativa Oil in Cisplatin Induced Oral Mucositis: An Experimental Study

Objective: The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the histopathologic effect of Nigella Sativa oil (NSO) on cisplatin (Cis) induced oral mucositis (OM) in rats.Methods: Twenty-four rats were divided into four equal groups. The animals in Group 1 and Group 2 were given 5 mg/kg intraperitoneal (ip) Cis systemically on the 1st, 3rd and 5th days of the study. Additionally, 15 mL NSO were given to the rats in Group 2, with gavage feeding on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. The animals in Group 3 were given per oral 15 ml NSO on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9. As the control group, Group 4 received a total of 15 mL 0.9% saline solution divided into 5 doses on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 by oral gavage. On the 14th day, animals were euthanized and buccal mucosa from both sides, including submucosal tissues, were excised and taken to histopathological examination.Results: The mean mucosal thicknesses of the groups were 224.58 μm, 276.1 μm, 323.33 μm, and 331.33 μm, respectively for Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 (p0.05).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, NSO, for which anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties have been shown in previous studies, may also be effective in preventing Cis-induced OM

Does MESNA application make sense in chronic otitis media surgery?

We have read with pleasure the article by Kalcioglu MT. et al. [1] which presents very important clinical observations. We would like to make some comments on this problem, basing on our experience and the literature review. MESNA (sodium 2-mercapto-ethane sulphonate) is a synthetic sulfur compound that produces mucolysis by disrupting disulfide bonds of the mucus polypeptide chain. MESNA can be used during ear surgeries (cholesteatoma or atelectasis), to make the dissection of keratinocyte layers [2,3]. But a question remains over the possible mechanism of action of MESNA in chronic otitis media. Therefore, we would like to share our opinion in this subject