Growth, Blood Parameters, Immune Response and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) Fed Diets Supplemented with Fumitory (Fumaria officinalis)

In a feeding experiment for 75 days, the effects of fumitory (Fumaria officinalis) extract on growth, haematology, immune response and antioxidant enzyme activities in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were evaluated. The aqueous methanolic extract of the plant was mixed with feeds at three different levels, 0.1% (FO1), 0.2% (FO2) and 0.3% (FO3), and feed with no plant extract donated as the control. All four groups (mean initial weight: 13.02 ± 0.02 g) were fed with the prepared diets twice daily ad libitum in a triplicate experiment. Blood and liver samples were taken from the fish on 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days. Also, overall growth parameters were determined based on body weight data recorded from all fish before and at the end of feeding trial. Results indicated that there were variations in nonspecific immune parameters (lysozyme, myeloperoxidase and oxidative radical production), but supplementation of the plant extract did not affect the immune response of the fish significantly. On the other hand, there was a general increase in the antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) evaluated in this study. Furthermore, possibly the most remarkable finding of the study is that the growth performance in the FO3 group was roughly 30% higher than that of the control group. Considering all findings in the present study, we conclude that 0.3% supplementation of fumitory extract would be beneficial for rainbow trout farming with respect to elevated growth and antioxidant status

Levels of some ovarian hormones in the Pre-and post spawning periods of Chalcalburnus tarichi Pallas, 1811, and the postovulatory structure of follicles

The structure of postovulatory follicles and the levels of ovarian 11 -dehydrocorticosterone (11 -DHC), estradiol-17(3 (E2), 17oc-hydroxyprogesterone(17a-OH-P), and progesterone (P), before and after spawning, were studied in Chalcalburnus tarichi. It was observed that postovulatory follicles are characterized by a highly vascular thecal layer and hypertrophied granulosa cells containing dense smooth endoplasmic reticulum, many large mitochondria with tubular cristae, and lipid droplets. Ovary 11-DHC level was low in the pre- and post-spawning periods (38.3 ;plusmn; 4.9-22.3 ;plusmn; 2.6 ng/ml). The level of E2 was 216.8 ;plusmn;31.1 ng/ml before spawning. This hormone declined on the 1st and 5th day after spawning and increased again to the level of 216.8 ;plusmn; 6.7 ng/ml on the 10th day; however, the E2 level decreased significantly on the 15th day (61.5 ;plusmn; 17.8 ng/ml) (P ;lt; 0.01). The 17oc-OH-P level was low (84.5 ;plusmn; 49.4 ng/ml) before spawning and reached a peak (295.7 ;plusmn; 52.5 ng/ml) on the 10th postspawning day, but a slight decline was observed on the 15th day (190 ;plusmn; 21.5 ng/ml) (P ;gt; 0.01). The P level was low (23.4 ;plusmn; 18.3 ng/ml) before spawning. Its level began to increase after spawning and reached a peak on the 10th postspawning day (200.7 ;plusmn; 29.1 ng/ml) (P ;lt; 0.01), but declined significantly on the 15th day (63.2 ;plusmn; 19.5 ng/ml) (P ;lt; 0.01). The results obtained from this study indicate that: a) In the postovulatory follicles, the granulosa cells produce steroids; b) 11 -DHC has no effect before or after spawning; c) E2 induces spawning; d) 17a-0H-P and P have an effect after spawning, it can be concluded that the apoptotic cells in postovulatory follicles increased on the 15th day, at which time E2 and P hormones were at their lowest levels after spawning in C. tarichi.Bu çalışmada, inci kefalinde yumurta bıraktıktan sonra foliküllerin yapısı ve yumurta bırakmadan önce ve yumurta bıraktıktan sonra ovaryum 11 -dehydrocorticosteroit (11-DHC), östradiol-17(3 (E2), 17oc-hydroxyprogesteron (17a-0H-P) ve progesteron (P) seviyeleri araştırıldı. Ovulasyondan sonra foliküllerin bol damarlı bir teka tabakası ve bol miktarda düz endoplazmik retikulum, tubüler kristali çok sayıda mitokondri ve lipit damlaları içeren büyük granüioza hücreleri ile karakterize edildiği gösterilmiştir. Ovaryum 11-DHC seviyesi yumurta bırakmadan önce ve sonra düşüktür (38,3 ± 4,9-22,3 ± 2,6 ng/ml). E2 seviyesi yumurta bırakmadan önce 216,8 ± 31,1 ng/ml olarak belirlendi. Bu hormon yumurta bıraktıktan sonra 1. ve 5. günde azaldı ve 10. günde tekrar 216,8 ± 6,7 ng/ml'ye yükseldi. Bununla birlikte, E2 seviyesi 15. günde belirgin olarak düştü (61,5 ± 17,8 ng/ml) (P 0,01). 17oc-OH-P seviyesi yumurta bırakmadan önce düşüktü (84,5 ± 49,4 ng/ml) ve yumurta bıraktıktan sonra artarak 10. günde en yüksek seviyeye ulaştı (295,7 ± 52,5 ng/ml) fakat 15. günde hafif bir düşüş gözlendi (190 ± 21,5 ng/ml) (P > 0,01). P seviyesi yumurta bırakmadan önce düşüktü (23,4 ± 18,3 ng/ml). Onun seviyesi yumurta bıraktıktan sonra artmaya başladı ve 10. günde maksimum seviyeye ulaştı (200,7 ± 29,1 ng/ml) (P 0,01) fakat 15. günde belirgin olarak düştü (63,2 ± 19,5 ng/ml) (P 0,01). Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar: a) Ovulasyondan sonraki foliküllerde granüioza hücrelerinin steroitsentezlediğini, b) 11-DHC'nin yumurta bırakmadan önce ve sonra etkili olmadığını, c) E2'nin yumurta bırakmayı uyardığını, d) 17a-0H-P ve P'un yumurta bıraktıktan sonra etkili olduğunu gösterir. İnci kefalinde, ovulasyondan sonraki foliküllerde apoptotik hücrelerin, E2 and P'nin yumurta bıraktıktan sonra en düşük seviyede olduğu, 15. günde arttığı sonucu çıkarılabilir

Indoor Growth Performance of Chlorella sp. Production at Tubular Photobioreactor

Microalgae are known as a source of valuable biomolecules which are used in various industrialfields such as aquaculture, food, feed, pharmaceuticals, bio-fertilizers and bioenergy. Chlorella sp.is one of the common microalgae, cultured in the world. In this study, it was examined that growthrate and pigment contents of Chlorella sp. in lab-scale tubular photobioreactor at in-door conditions.Highest cell number and highest specific growth rate were determined as 155 x 106cells.mL-1and0.79, respectively. Highest dry weight was measured as 4.19±0.059 g.L-1and mean dry weight wasfound as 3.56±0.079 g.L-1. Highest chlorophyll-a content was found at 40th day as 106.7±0.079µg.mL-1. Highest total carotenoids was 15.87±0.033 µg.mL-1at the day 22. Also, 983.8 g of totalbiomass was harvested in last 45 days, after the exponential phase. According to the results of thisstudy, in-door production of Chlorella sp. Was provided more reliable sustainability. Also, Chlorellasp. is photoautotrophically producible at high amounts throughout the year

Alburnus selcuklui, A New Species of Cyprinid Fish from East Anatolia, Turkey (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)

Alburnus selcuklui, a new species from a branch of Botan stream of the River Tigris in East Anatolia Turkey, is distinguished from other Anatolian Alburnus species by the anal-fin origin 0-4 scales behind the base of the dorsal fin-base, 70-80 + 3-4 lateral line scales, 10-15 gill rakers, 81/2-9 branched dorsal-fin rays, 11-121/2 branched anal-fin rays, snout rounded, prominent epidermal lateral stripe and lateral body without black pigmentation along and below lateral line

Levels of some ovarian hormones in the pre- and post spawning periods of Chaicalbumus tarichi Pallas, 1811, and the postovulatory structure of follicles

WOS: 000243813200001The structure of postovulatory follicles and the levels of ovarian 11-dehydrocorticosterone (11-DHC), estradiol-17 beta (E-2), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17 alpha-OH-P), and progesterone (P), before and after spawning, were studied in Chalcalburnus tarichi. It was observed that postovulatory follicles are characterized by a highly vascular thecal layer and hypertrophied granulosa cells containing dense smooth endoplasmic reticulum, many large mitochondria with tubular cristae, and lipid droplets. Ovary 11-DHC level was low in the pre- and post-spawning periods (38.3 +/- 4.9-22.3 +/- 2.6 ng/ml). The level of E-2 was 216.8 +/- 31.1 ng/ml before spawning. This hormone declined on the 1(st) and 5(th) day after spawning and increased again to the level of 216.8 +/- 6.7 ng/ml on the 10(th) day; however, the E-2 level decreased significantly on the 15(th) day (61.5 +/- 17.8 ng/ml) (P 0.01). The P level was low (23.4 +/- 18.3 ng/ml) before spawning. Its level began to increase after spawning and reached a peak on the 10(th) postspawning day (200.7 +/- 29.1 ng/ml) (P < 0.01), but declined significantly on the 15(th) day (63.2 +/- 19.5 ng/ml) (P < 0.01). The results obtained from this study indicate that: a) In the postovulatory follicles, the granulosa cells produce steroids; b) 11-DHC has no effect before or after spawning; c) E-2 induces spawning; d) 17 alpha-OH-P and P have an effect after spawning. It can be concluded that the apoptotic cells in postovulatory follicles increased on the 1 5th day, at which time E, and P hormones were at their lowest levels after spawning in C. tarichi

The growth and reproduction of white bream (Blicca bjoerkna L. 1758) in an oligo-mesotrophic lake in northwest Anatolia (Sapanca, Turkey)

Growth parameters and the reproduction period of white bream (Blicca bjoerkna L. 1758) sampled from Sapanca Lake were determined monthly between November 2000 and October 2001. Three hundred and fifty white bream specimens caught ranged in age from 1(+) to 9(+) years, and the majority of the samples consisted of individuals of the 5(+)-year-old age group. The von Bertalanffy equation was determined as Lt = 22.169 (1 - exp {-0.215[t + 0.986]}), empty set: 2.02 for males and Lt = 31.917 (1 - exp {-0.122[t + 1.087]}), empty set': 2.10 for females. The length-weight relationship was estimated as W = 0.0046 TL exp. 3.315 +/- 0.002 for males (r(2) = 0.9653, P < 0.05), and W = 0.0036 TL exp. 3.417 +/- 0.002 for females (r(2)= 0.9671, P < 0.05). Regression coefficients for sex were significant (t-test, P < 0.05). The slope (b) significantly differed (ANCOVA, P < 0.05) between months. The fact that the b values for male and female white breams differed from 3.0 indicates that there was positive allometric growth. Sex ratio was 1:1.36 (chi(2); P < 0.05). Spawning period of white breams began at the end of April and continued until the beginning of July; water temperature during this period ranged between 13.7 and 28.5 degrees C

Growth, the length-weight relationship, and reproduction in vimba (Vimba vimba L. 1758) sampled from an oligo-mesotrophic lake in northwest Anatolia (Turkey)

The growth parameters and reproduction period in vimba (Vimba vimba L. 1758) sampled from Sapanca Lake were determined monthly between September 2003 and July 2004. The 335 vimba specimens caught ranged in age from 2(+) to 6(+) years, and the majority of the samples consisted of individuals of the 4(+)-year-old age group. The length-weight relationship was estimated to be W = 0.0084 FL3.1797 +/- 0.0035 for males (r(2) = 0.94, P < 0.05) and W = 0.0089 FL3.1572 +/- 0.0033 for females (r(2) = 0.93, P < 0.05). Regression coefficients for sex were significant (t-test, P < 0.05). The slope (b) significantly differed (ANCOVA, P < 0.05) between months. The fact that the b values for male and female vimba specimens differed from 3.0 indicates that there was positive allometric growth. The von Bertalanffy equation was determined using Lt = 28.940 (1-exp {-0.123[t+2.193]}), empty set': 2.030, (r = 0.999) for males and Lt = 24.708 [1-exp {-0.205[t+1.464]}), empty set': 2.097, (r = 0.999) for females. The sex ratio was 1:1.86 (chi(2); P < 0.05). The spawning period of vimba began at the end of April and continued until the beginning of July; the water temperature during this period was between 14.8 and 25.9 degrees C