Analysis of non climatic origins of floods in the downstream part of the Kura River, Azerbaijan

Over the past century, there is an increased contribution of non climatic factors to the flood formation processes in the Kura River. Non climatic factors of floods refer to factors that are related to reductions in channel capacity and result in floods. More recently, there are numerous non climatic factors occurring in and around the Kura River basin that have increased the frequency of floods. Sediment accumulation in the riverbed over a long period of time has led to the reduction of channel capacity and has raised the elevation of the riverbed above the surrounding territory. It is illustrated that construction of dykes and levees do not actually prevent flooding, where hydrologic connections between groundwater and surface water are high, since infiltrated waters from channel results in raising of ground waters, causing an effect of ‘‘underground flood.’’ Since underground floods occur when water going from channels raises the level of ground waters, there is an urgent need to carefully investigate the groundwater–surface water connections. With the purpose of predicting floods, the authors suggest defining maximal acceptable flows (MAFs) rather than channel capacities. Results show that high rates of hydraulic conductivity of soils will decrease MAF rates. MAF computations before high-water season allow for further regulation of outlets further downstream in order to prevent flooding and enable flood forecasting. While the study focuses on a specific region, the overall approach suggested is generic and may be applied elsewhere

Approximate Controllability of Fractional Integrodifferential Evolution Equations

This paper addresses the issue of approximate controllability for a class of control system which is represented by nonlinear fractional integrodifferential equations with nonlocal conditions. By using semigroup theory, p-mean continuity and fractional calculations, a set of sufficient conditions, are formulated and proved for the nonlinear fractional control systems. More precisely, the results are established under the assumption that the corresponding linear system is approximately controllable and functions satisfy nonLipschitz conditions. The results generalize and improve some known results

Does Turkey have a Central Asian Project?

Central Asia's importance in Turkish foreign policy has begun to rise since the beginning of the 2010s. Turkey determines its regional policy in the conception of the Turkic world, including Azerbaijan. With this regard, Turkey pays particular attention to the institutionalization of bilateral relations with the regional states. The most successful measure in that direction is the establishment of the Turkic Council. This integration project marks significant progress for the institutionalization of Turkey's Central Asian policy. Turkey is one of the non-regional actors affecting the Central Asian balance of power. However, it has limited influence on regional security and military affairs, which Russia dominates. Turkey is only a secondary non-regional actor in Central Asia. Therefore, it primarily structures its Central Asian policy using common historical and cultural elements. In this study, we investigate whether Turkey has a long-term project in Central Asia. For this purpose, we explore the restrictions of Turkish policy in Central Asia. After that, we compare Turkey's importance for the foreign policies of Central Asian states. Additionally, we evaluate Turkey's interest in non-Western organizations such as the Eurasian Economic Union and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to transform Turkish foreign policy priorities in recent years. Finally, we show that Turkey has a policy toward Central Asia but not a fully-fledged project for the region

Difficulties in the Differential Diagnosis of Crohn’s Disease

Currently, the main difficulty in the accurate diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with the high prevalence of infectious, allergic and autoimmune diseases leading to intestinal lesions mimicking IBD. In geographical regions where there is endemicity for certain infections, in particular tuberculosis, timely verification of the diagnoses of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) is a serious problem. Some infectious, allergic and autoimmune pathologies can not only imitate the clinical and endoscopic picture of IBD, but also complicate the course of an existing IBD, as a result of which there is resistance to the prescribed basic therapy in patients with UC and CD. Unfortunately, the complexity and limited possibilities of diagnostic methods can often be the reason for the belated establishment of an accurate diagnosis. Thus, in all these diseases, the main fecal markers for verifying the diagnosis of IBD, fecal calprotectin and lactoferrin, often have elevated values