Organic Silicone Based Poly-Acrylate Binder Synthesis for Textile Pigment Printing

This present study deals about an organic silicone based poly-acrylate binder by using Emulsion Polymerization technique because it produces high molecular weight polymers, and there is no or negligible content of volatile organic compounds (VOC) for textile pigment printing. The binder was prepared by polymerizing hard monomers, soft monomers, functional monomers, and compound emulsifying agent, organic silicone, an initiator, pH adjustor and deionized water. Then the properties like sublimation test, durability test, fastness test, yellowness and softness testing were performed. The role of acrylic acid and Methyl methacrylate on the characterization of the polymers was detected and recorded. A material has been selected based on pervious study of different research and effect of silicone amount on film was observed

Vision, challenges and opportunities for a Plant Cell Atlas

With growing populations and pressing environmental problems, future economies will be increasingly plant-based. Now is the time to reimagine plant science as a critical component of fundamental science, agriculture, environmental stewardship, energy, technology and healthcare. This effort requires a conceptual and technological framework to identify and map all cell types, and to comprehensively annotate the localization and organization of molecules at cellular and tissue levels. This framework, called the Plant Cell Atlas (PCA), will be critical for understanding and engineering plant development, physiology and environmental responses. A workshop was convened to discuss the purpose and utility of such an initiative, resulting in a roadmap that acknowledges the current knowledge gaps and technical challenges, and underscores how the PCA initiative can help to overcome them.</jats:p

Hybrid hemp/glass fiber reinforced high-temperature shape memory photopolymer with mechanical and flame-retardant analysis

Abstract Cultivated natural fibers have a huge possibility for green and sustainable reinforcement for polymers, but their limited load-bearing ability and flammability prevent them from wide applications in composites. According to the beam theory, normal stress is the maximum at the outermost layers but zero at the mid-plane under bending (with (non)linear strain distribution). Shear stress is the maximum at the mid-plane but manageable for most polymers. Accordingly, a laminated composite made of hybrid fiber-reinforced shape memory photopolymer was developed, incorporating strong synthetic glass fibers over a weak core of natural hemp fibers. Even with a significant proportion of natural hemp fibers, the mechanical properties of the hybrid composites were close to those reinforced solely with glass fibers. The composites exhibited good shape memory properties, with at least 52% shape fixity ratio and 71% shape recovery ratio, and 24 MPa recovery stress. After 40 s burning, a hybrid composite still maintained 83.53% of its load carrying capacity. Therefore, in addition to largely maintaining the load carrying capacity through the hybrid reinforcement design, the use of shape memory photopolymer endowed a couple of new functionalities to the composites: the plastically deformed laminated composite beam can largely return to its original shape due to the shape memory effect of the polymer matrix, and the flame retardancy of the polymer matrix makes the flammable hemp fiber survive the fire hazard. The findings of this study present exciting prospects for utilizing low-strength and flammable natural fibers in multifunctional load-bearing composites that possess both flame retardancy and shape memory properties

Gold Nanoparticles Biosynthesized Using Ginkgo biloba Leaf Aqueous Extract for the Decolorization of Azo-Dyes and Fluorescent Detection of Cr(VI)

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are successfully synthesized via a facile and eco-friendly biosynthesis approach. Ginkgo biloba (G. biloba) leaf is an extract used as bio-aqueous solution for the preparation of the AuNPs. Photo-chemically, the G. biloba leaf plays dual roles wherein it serves as reducing and stabilizing agent. Through this approach, the use of toxin-induced chemical is completely avoided making the approach a green chemistry. Several synthetic parameters such as reactant concentration, media pH, reaction time and temperature are optimized which in turn enables the formation of AuNPs with uniform size. Various analytical techniques including scanning electron microscope (SEM), high resolution-transmission electron microscopic (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, fringe spacing and selected area diffraction (SEAD) pattern, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) are used for AuNPs characterization. The AuNPs exhibit cubic structure and spherical shape with average size of 18.95 +/- 5.95 nm. The homemade AuNPs show promises in the catalytic decolorization of azo-dyes in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4). In addition, the AuNPs show appreciable sensitivity for the detection of Cr(VI) with a detection limit found to be 0.1-0.8 mu M. This study is expected to spur further works on the use of metal nanoparticle for environmental pollution remediation

Bio-synthesized palladium nanoparticles using alginate for catalytic degradation of azo-dyes

Palladium nanopartides (PdNPs) were synthesized in a green way using sodium alginate functioning as both reductant and stabilizer. The formation of as-synthesized PdNPs was supervised by Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and confirmed by the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band. The effect of several synthesis factors such as precursor ratio, solution pH, reaction time, and temperature were investigated by the factorial design of experiments in order to optimize the experimental conditions. The optimal synthesis parameters were achieved by heating 1.0 ml of 1.0% sodium alginate (SA), 3.0 ml of 10(-2) mol.L-1 H2PdCl4 at 80 degrees C for a period of 30 min in a neutral reaction medium (pH - 6). High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to confirm the uniform spherical shapes and high crystallinity of PdNPs with average particle size of (2.12 +/- 1.42) nm. The SEM images show the distribution of PdNPs presented among the SA. MR spectra indicate that SA is a good capping agent to stabilize PdNPs for a long time. The catalytic degradation of model azo-clyes such as mono-azo (Cibacron Yellow FN-2R) and di-azo (Cibacron Deep Reel S-B) were confirmed the catalytic activity of PdNPs. The PdNPs can accelerate the degradation rate by more than 80 and 10 times respectively as confirmed by kinetics constant (k) values. (C) 2020 The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China, and Chemical Industry Press Co., Ltd. All rights reserved

Coloration of aramid fabric via in-situ biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles with enhanced antibacterial effect

This work has found innovative multicolored and antibacterial effects on aramid fabrics through an in-situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) without using any toxic reagents. Chitosan was only used as a renewable reducing and stabilizing agent. As-synthesized products were studied in terms of surface plasmon resonance (SPR), morphology, elemental mapping, metal composition, as well as the chemical interaction between compositing constituents. Results revealed that the particles are mostly in spherical shapes, uniformly dispersed and tightly attached to the aramid surface by molecular force or double network developed by chitosan. The treated fabrics also revealed improved thermal resistivity and sustainable color properties in terms of color uniformity, strength (K/S), and fastness ratings. They also have demonstrated excellent antibacterial action with more than 99% bacterial reduction efficiency against both Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) even after 10 washing cycles. Overall, this technique of aramid treatment could be a benchmark for sustainable multicolored and durable antibacterial performances in a more sustainable way

Toughening polylactide by direct blending of cellulose nanocrystals and epoxidized soybean oil

Toughening polylactide by direct blending of cellulose nanocrystals and epoxidized soybean oi

E-learning 2.0 Technologies and Web Applications in Higher Education E-learning 2.0 Technologies and Web Applications in Higher Education

This book will aim to provide relevant theoretical frameworks and the latest empirical research findings in the area. It will be written for professionals and academics who want to improve their understanding of the strategic role of E-learning at different levels of the information and knowledge society, that is, E-learning at the level of the global economy, of networks and organizations, of teams and work groups, of information systems and, finally, E-learning at the level of individuals as actors in the networked environments

Biobased Amorphous Polyesters with High T-g: Trade-Off between Rigid and Flexible Cyclic Diols

Biobased Amorphous Polyesters with High T-g: Trade-Off between Rigid and Flexible Cyclic Diol

Nucleation and crystallization of poly(propylene 2,5-furan dicarboxylate) by direct blending of microcrystalline cellulose: improved tensile and barrier properties

Poly(propylene 2,5-furan dicarboxylate) (PPF) is an example of alipharomatic bio-based polyester which has a high potential for the replacement of its fossil-based terephthalate counterparts (PPT). PPF offers advantages over PPT owing to its brilliant properties. However, PPF often exhibits a slow rate of crystallization, which is a bottleneck for its successful synthesis. This has also caused limited research work on the use of PPF for the specific application. Therefore, in this study, PPF is melt compounded with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) via twin-screw extrusion, which in turn enhances its crystallization. During its preparation, no toxic chemicals are used to modify the fibers or compatibilizers, indicating that the synthesis method follows green chemistry principles. The influence of the MCC on the thermal, structure and surface behaviors of PPF is analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo-gravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. The effect of the MCC on both non-isothermal and isothermal crystallization of PPF is also explored by using DSC. It is observed that crystallization is faster, while PPF is compounded with lower content of MCC. Similarly, the nucleating rate is intensified with the introduction of MCC. The incorporation of MCC significantly increased tensile modulus, strength and elongation of break of progressing PPF by 16%, 63% and 61%, respectively, at a content of 15 wt.% MCC. The blend also owned better oxygen and carbon dioxide barrier properties than neat PPF as a function of MCC content. This study is expected to spur further work on the synthesis of PPF composite for packaging applications. [GRAPHICS]