In-Feed Supplementation of Resin Acid-Enriched Composition Modulates Gut Microbiota, Improves Growth Performance, and Reduces Post-Weaning Diarrhea and Gut Inflammation in Piglets

The weaning process represents a delicate phase for piglets, and is often characterized by lower feed intake, lower weight gain, diarrhea, and ultimately increased mortality. We aimed to determine the effects of RAC supplementation in diets on improving piglet growth and vitality, reducing post-weaning diarrhea, and enhancing gut health. In a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment, we selected forty sows and their piglets. Piglets were followed until seven weeks of age. There were no significant differences found between RAC treated and control piglets until weaning (p = 0.26). However, three weeks after weaning, RAC treated piglets had higher body weight and average daily growth (ADG) than the control piglets (p = 0.003). In addition, the piglets that received RAC after weaning, irrespective of mother or prior creep feed treatment, had lower post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) and fecal myeloperoxidase (MPO) level than control piglets. Gut microbiota analysis in post-weaning piglets revealed that RAC supplementation significantly increased Lachnospiraceae_unclassified, Blautia, Butyricicoccus, Gemmiger and Holdemanella, and decreased Bacteroidales_unclassified. Overall, RAC supplementation to piglets modulated post-weaning gut microbiota, improved growth performance after weaning, reduced post-weaning diarrhea and reduced fecal myeloperoxidase levels. We therefore consider RAC to be a potential natural feed supplement to prevent enteric infections and improve growth performance in weaning piglets

Prevalence of Health Hazards: A Study on the Female Workers of Garment Industry in Gazipur District, Bangladesh.

The present study tries to find out the prevalence of health hazards among the female workers of the garment industry in Gazipur district, Bangladesh. This study focused on two sub-districts, Sreepur and Kaliakoir, of Gazipur district. Data for this study were collected from 100 female garment workers of Gazipur district. This study observes female workers in the industry consistently suffer from a range of physical health complexities such as headache, eye problem, hand pain and respiratory difficulties. This study also analyses the causes and measures to solve the health issues of female workers of the garment industry

SURVIVAL ASSESSMENT OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA WITH ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE TRAITS FROM FRESH SUMMER ROYAL GRAPE : IN VITRO MICROBIAL CHALLENGE TEST

Table grape act as a popular and mouthwatering fruit supplement over the world. Unhygienic handling of these fruits can possess a diverse threat to public health safety. Moreover, the fruit juice can serve as a nutrient for bacterial growth as well if kept in an unsanitary condition. For this purpose, five imported grape samples (Red Globe, Perlette, Calmeria, Princess and Summer Royal) were tested to assess the presence of pathogenic bacteria and drug-resistant pattern of the isolates. The total bacterial count (TBC) and total fungal count (TFC) showed the presence large amount of bacterial (ranged from 4.4 x 10(4) to 8.1 x 10(7)) and fungal population on the grapes samples, especially on the skin part of the fruits. Several pathogenic isolates, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., and Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from tested grape samples. However, the presence of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Vibrio spp. and Klebsiella spp. were not found from any of the samples. The concerning part of the present study was drug-resistant bacterial strains isolated from supplied Fresh Summer Royal Grape. The most of the isolated bacterial spp. were resistant to all most all of the commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin (10 mu g), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (25 mu g), tetracycline (30 mu g), ceftriaxone (30 mu g), imipenem (10 mu g), chloramphenicol (30 mu g), azithromycin (15 mu g), novobiocin (30 mu g), vancomycin (30 mu g), penicillin G (10 mu g), ciprofloxacin (5 mu g), neomycin (30 mu g), levofloxacin (5 mu g), kanamycin (30 mu g) and cefiximycin (5 mu g). No grape samples showed any kind of antimicrobial activity against both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. The survival pattern of inoculated bacterial samples in the grape sample showed a slight decrease in growth in the course of time.Peer reviewe

Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of fish pathogens : A new approach of emerging the bacterial resistance through biofilm formation in in-vitro condition

Background: The ability of many bacteria to adhere on the host surfaces and forming biofilms has major implications in a wide variety of industries including the food industry, where biofilms may create a persistent source of contamination. In the same environmental condition, the multiple bacterial species can closely interact with each other and may easily enhance their drug resistance capability, which finally increases the multidrug resistant (MDR) attribute of the species. Objective: The present study examined whether the mixed-species biofilm possesses any impact on the enhancement of the antibiotic resistance of the planktonic or single-cell bacterial isolates present in the fish samples. Methods: In this regard, Cyprinus rubrofuscus (Koi), Heteropneustes fossilis (Shing) and Mystus vittatus (Tengra) fishes were collected and subjected to form an in vitro biofilm by shaking condition into the wise bath. The drug-resistant pattern was determined by the Kirby Bauer technique. Results: All the samples exhibited a huge array (up to 10(7) cfu/ml or g) of bacteria such as E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Vibrio spp., Salmonella spp., Proteus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. The isolates from both the bulk samples and their corresponding biofilms were subjected to antibiogram assay using antibiotics such as Ampicillin (10 mu g), Erythromycin (15 mu g), Streptomycin (STP 10 mu g), Oxacillin (10 mu g), Nalidixic acid (30 mu g). Before biofilm formation, few of the isolates were found to be sensitive and few were resistant against the antibiotics. But when the species were isolated from the biofilm the sensitive one acquired drug resistance and resistant strain unveiled more resistance towards the same antibiotics. The present study revealed extensive bacterial contamination in fish samples among those some were resistant against the supplied drugs. Conclusion: After the formation of multi-species biofilm, the isolates became more resistant against the same drugs that is alarming for consumers and major obstacles to maintain sustainable health. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.Peer reviewe

Impact of gut microbiome on skin health : gut-skin axis observed through the lenses of therapeutics and skin diseases

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.The human intestine hosts diverse microbial communities that play a significant role in maintaining gut-skin homeostasis. When the relationship between gut microbiome and the immune system is impaired, subsequent effects can be triggered on the skin, potentially promoting the development of skin diseases. The mechanisms through which the gut microbiome affects skin health are still unclear. Enhancing our understanding on the connection between skin and gut microbiome is needed to find novel ways to treat human skin disorders. In this review, we systematically evaluate current data regarding microbial ecology of healthy skin and gut, diet, pre- and probiotics, and antibiotics, on gut microbiome and their effects on skin health. We discuss potential mechanisms of the gut-skin axis and the link between the gut and skin-associated diseases, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, rosacea, alopecia areata, and hidradenitis suppurativa. This review will increase our understanding of the impacts of gut microbiome on skin conditions to aid in finding new medications for skin-associated diseases.Peer reviewe

Natural Fiber-based Green Composites: Processing, Properties and Biomedical Applications

Since the advent of modern technological civilization, tremendous pollution has been emerged in our environment by disposing of waste material in the environment unconsciously. Some waste materials are biodegradable and some of them are non-biodegradable. Biodegradable waste, originated from plants or animals, can be decomposed by the natural organism (bacteria, fungi, etc.) and can be excluded from pollution. This degradation process may be rapid or slow but the environmental risks are low. On the other hand, non-biodegradable waste, obtained from inorganic components cannot be decomposed by the natural organism and act as a source of pollution. These wastes are being generated by humans, and every year billions tons of wastes are being dumped into the environment which puts our environment in danger. As a result, environmental consciousness has increased worldwide. This growing ecological and environmental awareness leads the world to develop eco-friendly materials. As the population grows day by day, it is not possible to reduce waste. So, it is wise to focus on developing new materials that would produce biodegradable waste. Recently, the attraction on the biocomposite (known as green composites) materials has significantly increased because it is generated from natural fiber which is biodegradable and it has the potential of being a substitute for conventional non-biodegradable products. Biocomposites are used in various industrial sectors, including the bio-medical industry. In this paper, the overall idea of natural fibers, extraction and surface modification methods of natural fiber, natural fiber-based biocomposites, fabrication and properties analysis of biocomposite, and recent applications of biocomposites in the medical sector have been reviewed. The primary incentive for developing and using biocomposite is to build a new generation of eco-friendly materials by replacing synthetic ones

Dietary micro-fibrillated cellulose improves growth, reduces diarrhea, modulates gut microbiota, and increases butyrate production in post-weaning piglets

Abstract Dietary fiber (DF) supplementation is one of the strategies to prevent on-farm infections; it has the capability to improve gut health and piglet performance. Among the beneficial DFs, micro-fibrillated cellulose (MFC) is a new-generation plant-derived innovative feed ingredient; MFC, originating from sugar-beet pulp, has a hyper-branched structure with the ability to form shear-thinning hydrogel and has a high water-binding capacity. We aimed to determine the effects of MFC supplementation on piglets' performance before and after weaning. We included 45 sows and their piglets in this trial and monitored the results until the piglets were 7 weeks old. Piglets supplemented with MFC had higher body weight and average daily growth (ADG) than did control piglets, both pre- and post-weaning. In addition, MFC supplementation in post-weaning piglets improved butyrate content, and reduced diarrhea incidence. These phenomena, perhaps due to the MFC supplementation at different stages until age 7 weeks. In addition, after weaning, MFC supplementation stimulated the growth of butyrate-producing bacteria such as Ruminococcus.2, Ruminococcaceae.UCG.014, Intestinibacter, Roseburia, and Oribacterium genera, as well as reduced the pathogenic bacteria, such as Campylobacter, and Escherichia. Evidently, supplementation of MFC in feed to young piglets can improve growth performance and butyric acid content and reduce post-weaning diarrhea

Dietary micro-fibrillated cellulose improves growth, reduces diarrhea, modulates gut microbiota, and increases butyrate production in post-weaning piglets

Dietary fiber (DF) supplementation is one of the strategies to prevent on-farm infections; it has the capability to improve gut health and piglet performance. Among the beneficial DFs, micro-fibrillated cellulose (MFC) is a new-generation plant-derived innovative feed ingredient; MFC, originating from sugar-beet pulp, has a hyper-branched structure with the ability to form shear-thinning hydrogel and has a high water-binding capacity. We aimed to determine the effects of MFC supplementation on piglets' performance before and after weaning. We included 45 sows and their piglets in this trial and monitored the results until the piglets were 7 weeks old. Piglets supplemented with MFC had higher body weight and average daily growth (ADG) than did control piglets, both pre- and post-weaning. In addition, MFC supplementation in post-weaning piglets improved butyrate content, and reduced diarrhea incidence. These phenomena, perhaps due to the MFC supplementation at different stages until age 7 weeks. In addition, after weaning, MFC supplementation stimulated the growth of butyrate-producing bacteria such as Ruminococcus.2, Ruminococcaceae.UCG.014, Intestinibacter, Roseburia, and Oribacterium genera, as well as reduced the pathogenic bacteria, such as Campylobacter, and Escherichia. Evidently, supplementation of MFC in feed to young piglets can improve growth performance and butyric acid content and reduce post-weaning diarrhea.Peer reviewe

Recent development of dental implant materials, synthesis process, and failure – A review

In modern medicine, implants have become a prevalent solution for replacing or supporting damaged body parts across various specialties, from orthopedics to dentistry.However, implant failure remains a significant concern despite surgical and implant technology improvements. This in-depth review aims to give an overview of materials used in implants, the synthesis process of dental implants, the failure of implants, its causes, and the related clinical implications. The review explores various implant failures, including biological shortcomings (infection and soft tissue complications) and the reasons. In addition, it outlinesdifferent treatment options for dealing with implant failure. It also discusses the difficulties that healthcare professionals face in managing failed implants.The review comes to a close by emphasizing the need for more investigation into the underlying causes of implant failure and the creation of preventative measures. It highlights the value of interdisciplinary cooperation between clinicians, engineers, and researchers to raise the patient's quality of life and increase implant success rates