Experimental and numerical investigation of thermosyphon heat pipe performance at various inclination angles

Interest in the use of heat pipes in solar applications is increasing due to their role in improving the heat transfer performance of solar collectors. In order to effectively utilise heat pipes, their performance under various operating conditions and inclination angles need to be investigated. In this work, numerical and experimental studies were carried out to investigate the effects of heat input and inclination angle on the wall temperature distributions and thermal resistance of thermosyphon heat pipe. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was developed using ANSYS Fluent to simulate the flow and mass transfer using volume of fluid (VOF) approach together with user - defined function (UDF) to simulate the phase change processes at various inclination angles. Experiments were carried out to validate the CFD model at heat inputs of 81.69W and 101.55W with temperature distribution results showing good agreement of ±4.2% average deviation. Also the predicted thermal resistance at different inclination angles showed good agreement with the experimental ones with maximum deviation of ±5.7%. Results showed that as the heat input increases, the heat pipe wall temperature increases and the thermal resistance decreases. Experimental and numerical results showed that increasing the inclination angle will improve the thermosyphon heat pipe performance to reach its maximum value at 90o, but this effect decreases as the heat input increases

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in low-resource settings: a statement by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation, supported by the AFEM, EUSEM, IFEM, and IFRC

: Most recommendations on cardiopulmonary resuscitation were developed from the perspective of high-resource settings with the aim of applying them in these settings. These so-called international guidelines are often not applicable in low-resource settings. Organisations including the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) have not sufficiently addressed this problem. We formed a collaborative group of experts from various settings including low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries, and conducted a prospective, multiphase consensus process to formulate this ILCOR Task Force statement. We highlight the discrepancy between current cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines and their applicability in low-resource settings. Successful existing initiatives such as the Helping Babies Breathe programme and the WHO Emergency Care Systems Framework are acknowledged. The concept of the chainmail of survival as an adaptive approach towards a framework of resuscitation, the potential enablers of and barriers to this framework, and gaps in the knowledge are discussed, focusing on low-resource settings. Action points are proposed, which might be expanded into future recommendations and suggestions, addressing a large diversity of addressees from caregivers to stakeholders. This statement serves as a stepping-stone to developing a truly global approach to guide resuscitation care and science, including in health-care systems worldwide