Chronic kidney disease and obesity; a mini-review to the current knowledge

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a health issue that may progress into end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and therefore lead to increased mortality from cardiovascular disease. Early detection of risk factors for CKD helps to improve them and prevent progression of this disease. Obesity is one of the most important yet preventable risk factors for CKD. Obesity is known as a cause of increased development of certain chronic diseases and may cause renal damage directly through hemodynamic and hormonal factors or indirectly via progression of diabetes and hypertension. With increased urban population and income, the diets containing high amounts of sugar, fats, and animal products have replaced traditional diets that contain highly fibrous complex carbohydrates. Currently, high-calorie foods and sedentary lifestyle are associated with obesity among children and adolescents. In 2017, the World’s Kidney Day concentrated on obesity as a potent risk factor for development of kidney diseases

On the occasion of world kidney day 2017; obesity and its relationship with chronic kidney disease

Context: Numerous studies have reported the impact of obesity in the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Some studies have suggested the direct role of obesity in the incidence of CKD, while some other studies suggest an indirect effect caused by the effects of obesity on blood pressure and diabetes. Evidence Acquisition: PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, directory of open access journals (DOAJ), EMBASE, and Google Scholar have been searched. Results: Recent studies have presented more strong evidences on the role of obesity on the incidence of CKD. The double role of obesity in the incidence of CKD has also been mentioned in some studies. Conclusions: Such an additional effect arises from the impact of obesity on the incidence of some conditions and diseases such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes, which in turn are involved in the incidence of CKD and are considered as its risk factors

Ameliorative effect of lycopene effect on cisplatin-induced nephropathy in patients

Background: Nephrotoxicity is one of the most important limitations of cisplatin-based chemotherapies which associated with many complications and high mortality rate. Objectives: To investigate the effect of lycopene on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in patients with cancer. Patients and Methods: In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 120 patients were randomly assigned to two groups, case (treated with lycopene + standard regimen of kidney injury prevention) and control (treated with only the standard regimen of kidney injury prevention). Lycopene was orally taken from 24 hours before to 72 hours after cisplatin administration. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured and recorded. The data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: Changes in Cr were not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.131). However, a significant decreasing trend was seen in GFR during the study, which was more marked in the control group (P = 0.004). BUN significantly decreased during the study (P = 0.002), and a significant decrease of BUN on the day three in both groups was seen (P = 0.001). However, BUN increased in the case group on the day 21 of treatment. The corresponding increase was less marked in the control group. Conclusions: Lycopene can be considered a useful adjuvant therapy to decrease the complications due to cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in patients with cancer

A review on the most important medicinal herbs native to Iran with anti-acetaminophen toxicity

Acetaminophen is an analgesic and anti- fever drug, which can be toxic in high doses and leads to hepatic and renal injury. Acetaminophen poisoning can cause many complications and injuries in the body including vomiting, diarrhea, malaise, shock, jaundice, and liver failure and in some cases will lead to myocardial and kidney damage. Against all toxic and destructive effects of drugs like acetaminophen, some compounds are found that can partially restrain poisoning of abuse such compounds. In this review article, medicinal plants native to Iran have been reported, which are used to protect acetaminophen toxicity. In this review study, searching the articles with key words such as acetaminophen, hepatotoxicity, herbs, extracts, and essential oils were used. Searching the articles was conducted through databases of income in Iran like Google Scholar, ISI January, MegaIran, and a number of other databases. Medicinal plants including green tea, turmeric, cress, dandelion, and capers are the most important medicinal plants against the toxicity of acetaminophen. It seems that pharmacological bioactive and antioxidants substances obtaining from plant and biological materials are anti- acetaminophen poisoning. © 2009-2016, JGPT

Ameliorative impact of cinnamon against high blood pressure; an updated review

High blood pressure (BP) or hypertension is a vital people health challenge in both developed countries and economically developing ones. By commencing a few novel food habits, containing counting calories and observing portion sizes, individuals can lower their BPs and modulate administered drugs to regulator high BP better. Additionally, some herbal drugs may be able to lower BP. Over the past centuries, cinnamon has been consumed as a traditional remedy in China. Cinnamon, the everlasting tree of tropical medication, belongs to the Lauraceae clan. In fact, cinnamon is one of the most main spices consumed daily by people globally. The accessible in vitro and preclinical data suggest that cinnamon has anti-antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, cholesterol-lowering, cardiovascular protecting, and immuno-modulatory effects. Likewise, numerous researches have demonstrated its beneficial effects on BP. In this review, therapeutic effects of cinnamon particularly on BP and on patients having type II diabetes mellitus will be reviewed

An update on diabetic kidney disease, oxidative stress and antioxidant agents.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is defined by relative or absolute deficiency of insulin secretion. Diabetic kidney disease seems to be one of the most frequent complications of diabetes mellitus. Based on evidence, increased free-radical formation and/or diminished antioxidant defenses induce oxidative stress that is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. It is evident that diabetic state induces oxidative stress through different signaling pathways as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation that attributes to the activation of various downstream signaling cascade leading to structural the way to structural and functional changes in kidney

Proton-pump inhibitors and risk of renal disease

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one group of drugs that inhibit gastric acid secretion by binding irreversibly to the gastric proton pump. This paper aimed to review the impact of PPIs on kidney function and structure by presenting the updated information in this regard. In this review, we summarize in electronic databases including Google Scholar, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus and EBSCO during the period of 1980 to 2017 by using the following search terms; proton-pump inhibitors, kidney injury, renal diseases, adverse events of protonpump inhibitors, acute interstitial nephritis, renal injury and chronic kidney disease. The PPIs are known as one group of drugs that are well tolerated in healthy subjects and where serious harms are rare. The some reports reveal that long-term administration of PPIs is associated with adverse effects such as: increasing the incident risk of kidney injury, hyper-secretion of gastric acid after their withdrawal, bone fracture, decreased levels of blood magnesium, interaction with metabolism of antiplatelet agents, increased risk of enteric infections and community-acquired pneumonia. Proton-pump inhibitors and risk of renal disease (PDF Download Available). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316284636_Proton-pump_inhibitors_and_risk_of_renal_disease [accessed Nov 08 2017]

Antagonistic effect of isolated probiotic bacteria from natural sources against intestinal Escherichia coli pathotypes

Background: Probiotics are live microorganisms which are beneficial bacteria that are normal flora of the digestive system which, in determined amounts, show beneficial effects on host health, and can balance gastrointestinal microflora. Digestive tract diseases such as diarrhea are one of the major causes of child mortality in developing countries. Different pathotypes of Escherichia coli cause diarrhea that affects children, therefore reduction of these colonization strains in humans or animals can decline gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial effect of probiotic bacterial strains isolated from different natural sources against 4 pathotypes of pathogenic E. coli using disk and well diffusion methods. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2013 to July 2014 on Martyr Chamran University in Ahwaz city. A total of 13 probiotic colonies isolated from 20 samples of traditional dairy products including yogurt, cheese and milk, and 20 samples of vegetables including carrots and cabbages (red and white), of which 5 isolates were selected to determine the antimicrobial effect against 4 Escherichia coli pathotypes, randomly. The antimicrobial effect was evaluated using two methods: disk diffusion and well diffusion tests and measuring growth inhibition zones of probiotics against 4 pathotypes of pathogenic E. coli. Results: Obtained results showed growth inhibition effects of all 5 probiotic strains against Escherichia coli pathotypes in both used methods. But in comparison Lactobacillus plantarum had higher growth inhibitory effects in both methods. Conclusion: results of this study demonstrated high antimicrobial effect of probiotic bacteria against pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. It indicated a positive and beneficial role of probiotics in human health and prevention of illness

The antimicrobial activity of probiotic bacteria Escherichia coli isolated from different natural sources against hemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7

Background: Diarrheal diseases have been seen in all geographical areas throughout the world. Therefore, considering treatment, could be deemed a necessary action. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial effect of probiotic bacterial strains isolated from different natural sources against 2 pathotypes of pathogenic E. coli. Methods: This cross-sectional study of Martyr Chamran University of Ahvaz was carried out from December 2013 to July 2014. A total of 13 probiotic colonies isolated from 20 samples of traditional dairy products including (yogurt, cheese, milk) and 20 samples of vegetables including carrots and cabbages (red and white) of which 5 isolates were selected to evaluate the antimicrobial effect against 2 Escherichia coli pathotypes, randomly. Antimicrobial effect was evaluated using two methods: disk diffusion and well diffusion tests and measuring growth inhibition zones of probiotics against 2 pathotypes of pathogenic E. coli. Results: Obtained results showed growth inhibition effects of all 5 probiotic strains against Escherichia coli pathotypes in both used methods. All selected strains showed considerable antimicrobial effect on Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain, but had no inhibitory effect against Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Conclusion: This study demonstrated considerable antimicrobial effect against E. coli O157:H7 strain. Due to this, characteristic and similar antimicrobial effects of probiotics bacteria, increasing use of the probiotics as a natural and modern method for prevention of different diseases is recommended

Relationship between serum irisin, glycemic indices, and renal function in type 2 diabetic patients.

Introduction: Irisin is a novel peptide that plays notable role in human and animal biology and physiology. It has been reported that irisin may improve insulin resistance and related disturbances. Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to assess the relationship between serum irisin, glycemic indices, and renal function in diabetic subjects. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 102 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients were recruited. Blood biochemical parameters, including fasting plasma sugar (FBS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), serum uric acid (sUA), creatinine concentration and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured. All statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 16.0. Results: There was a positive correlation between irisin and age (P=0.05, r=0.19) and a negative correlation between irisin and body mass index (BMI) (P=0.01, r=-0.25) was detected. There was a significant difference of serum irisin level between patients with normal and abnormal FBS too. Conclusion: In this study we found, irisin concentration was increased with age, decreased with BMI, and it was higher in subject with abnormal FBS. Thus further research is needed to provide inclusive understanding of irisin associated physiological effects and possible implications in clinical conditions