Availability of Information and Dynamics of Departure Time Choices : Experimental Investigation

[[notice]]本書目待補正[[incitationindex]]SCI[[incitationindex]]E

Characterization and Evaluation of Spatial Density Pattern in Urban Areas

[[notice]]本書目待補正[[incitationindex]]SC

Microsimulation assignment model for multidirectional pedestrian movement in congested facilities

Frequent pedestrian casualties in crowded facilities have brought increasing attention to the study of pedestrian dynamics in such facilities. In this paper, a microsimulation assignment model for multidirectional pedestriain movement in crowds is presented. The model attempts to overcome many limitations of existing models by incorporating various pedestrian behavior rules under a particular set of situations. It also adopts a cellular automata discrete system that allows detailed representation of pedestrians' walkways and movement areas. The model is applied to the "mataf" system, which is located at the main prayer hall of the holy noble mosque known as Al-Haram Al-Shareef Mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. A set of simulation experiments is designed to illustrate use of the model to study the performance of the mataf system by consideration of different operational conditions as well as different pilgrim behavior rules

Flexible Substitution Patterns in Models of Mode and Time of Day Choice: New evidence from the UK and the Netherlands

Modelling the temporal response of travellers to transport policy interventions has rapidly emerged as a major issue in many practical transport planning studies and is recognised to hold particular challenges. The importance of congestion and its variation over the day, together with the emergence of time-dependent road user charging as a policy tool, emphasise the need to understand whether and how travellers will change the timing of their journeys. For practical planning studies, analysts face a major issue of relating temporal changes to other behavioural changes that are likely to result from policy or exogenous changes. In particular, the relative sensitivity of time and mode switching has been difficult to resolve. This paper describes a study undertaken to determine the relative sensitivity of mode and time of day choice to changes in travel times and costs and to investigate whether evidence exists of varying magnitudes of unobservable influences in time of day switching. The study draws on data from three related stated preference studies undertaken over the past decade in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands and uses error components logit models to investigate the patterns of substitution between mode and time of day alternatives. It is concluded that the magnitude of unobserved influences on time switching depends significantly on the magnitudes of the time switches considered. With time periods of the magnitude generally represented in practical modelling, i.e. peak periods of 2-3 hours, time switching is generally more sensitive in this data than mode switching. However, the context of the modelling and the extent to which relevant variables can be measured will strongly influence these results