A New Approach in Fitting Linear Regression Models with the Aim of Improving Accuracy and Power

ABSTRACT The main contribution of this work lies in challenging the common practice of inferential statistics in the realm of simple linear regression for attaining a higher degree of accuracy when multiple observations are available, at least, at one level of the regressor variable. We derive sufficient conditions under which one can improve the accuracy of the interval estimations at quite affordable extra computational cost. Two algorithms and a numerical example will be presented to fully explain how our approach works and to compare the results of our approach versus the results obtained from three of the well known statistical software systems

RAJ MUDROSTI: INDIJSKI MEDICINSKI KONCEPTI U PERZIJSKOM ISLAMSKOM MEDICINSKOM TEKSTU

Antique traditional medical theories created by old medical doctrines and their historical background have been significantly mentioned today by medical historian scholars. Persia and India had many interactions in different perspectives, such as knowledge, religion, and traditions. One of the most considerable aspects of the relationship between Indians and Persians is the transmission of basic theories of their medical doctrines. As it is reported in many historical texts from the first ages of the Islamic era in Iran, a large number of medical texts were gathered from contiguous civilizations in Iran by order of the Abbasid Caliph. They were then translated into Arabic, Syriac, and Persian. So, Persian physicians and authors used them that way. One of the earlier physicians who reflected the viewpoints of Indian medicine in his famous medical textbook entitled “Paradise of Wisdom” is Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari (3rd century A.H./9th century A.D.). Persian physicians in the Islamic golden age (8th to 16th A.D.) played an astonishing role in the development of medical knowledge in several aspects through physician innovations and expression and evaluation of different ideas about medicine. In this regard, some of the Indian medical theories were expressed by a famous Persian physician, Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari. Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari was a Persian physician of the 3rd century A.H./9th century A.D. He wrote the book Firdous al-Hikmah (or Paradise of Wisdom), the first encyclopedia of Islamic medicine in Iran. The book introduces and describes the basics and therapeutic procedures adopted in Indian medicine, along with procedures of Persian and Greek medical doctrines, by discussing the basic medical theories in these three doctrines. In this paper, we discuss the reflection of traditional Indian medicine as described in Firdous al-Hikmah and its influence on later medical texts.Antičke tradicionalne medicinske teorije koje su nastale na temelju starih medicinskih doktrina i njihovu povijesnu pozadinu danas značajno spominju znanstvenici koji proučavaju povijest medicine. Perzija i Indija imale su mnoge interakcije u različitim perspektivama kao što su znanje, religija i tradicija. Jedan od najznačajnijih aspekata u odnosu između Indijaca i Perzijanaca jest prijenos temeljnih teorija njihovih medicinskih doktrina. Kao što je navedeno u mnogim povijesnim tekstovima iz prvih razdoblja islamske ere u Iranu, velik broj medicinskih tekstova prikupljen je iz susjednih civilizacija u Iranu po nalogu abasidskog kalifa. Tekstovi su zatim prevedeni na arapski, sirijski i perzijski pa su se njima koristili perzijski liječnici i pisci. Perzijski su liječnici tijekom zlatnog doba islama (8. – 16. st.) imali zadivljujuću ulogu u razvoju medicinskog znanja u nekoliko aspekata preko liječničkih inovacija i izražavanjem i vrednovanjem različitih ideja o medicini. Neke od indijskih medicinskih teorija iznio je poznati perzijski liječnik Ali ibn Sahl Rabbanal-Tabari koji je djelovao u 3. stoljeću po Hidžri/9. st. Napisao je knjigu Firdousal-Hikmah (Raj mudrosti), koja je prva enciklopedija islamske medicine u Iranu. Knjiga opisuje osnove i terapijske postupke usvojene u indijskoj medicini, zajedno s postupcima perzijske i grčke medicinske doktrine, raspravljajući o temeljnim medicinskim teorijama u te tri doktrine. U ovom radu raspravljamo o odrazu tradicionalne indijske medicine kako je opisana u Firdousal-Hikmahu i njezinom utjecaju na kasnije medicinske tekstove

Uniform fractional part: a simple fast method for generating continuous random variates

A known theorem in probability is adopted and through a probabilistic approach, it is generalized to develop a method for generating random deviates from the distribution of any continuous random variable. This method, which may be considered as an approximate version of the Inverse Transform algorithm, takes two random numbers to generate a random deviate, while maintaining all the other advantages of the Inverse Transform method, such as the possibility of generating ordered as well as correlated deviates and being applicable to all density functions, regardless of their parameter value

An Investigation of the Policies and Crucial Sectors of Smart Cities Based on IoT Application

As smart cities (SCs) emerge, the Internet of Things (IoT) is able to simplify more sophisticated and ubiquitous applications employed within these cities. In this regard, we investigate seven predominant sectors including the environment, public transport, utilities, street lighting, waste management, public safety, and smart parking that have a great effect on SC development. Our findings show that for the environment sector, cleaner air and water systems connected to IoT-driven sensors are used to detect the amount of CO2, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen to monitor air quality and to detect water leakage and pH levels. For public transport, IoT systems help traffic management and prevent train delays, for the utilities sector IoT systems are used for reducing overall bills and related costs as well as electricity consumption management. For the street-lighting sector, IoT systems are used for better control of streetlamps and saving energy associated with urban street lighting. For waste management, IoT systems for waste collection and gathering of data regarding the level of waste in the container are effective. In addition, for public safety these systems are important in order to prevent vehicle theft and smartphone loss and to enhance public safety. Finally, IoT systems are effective in reducing congestion in cities and helping drivers to find vacant parking spots using intelligent smart parking

Clinical study of common aeroallergens in Kashan with a hot and dry climate

Objectives: This study represents the first attempt in understanding the prevalence of common allergens in Kashan, based on the clinical data i.e., demographic statistics and available SPTs collected.Methods: In a retrospective cross-sectional study on 10,000 patients referred to Kashan Asthma and Allergy Clinic from 2006 to 2016, clinical information was extracted through electronic records. Considering risk factors including a family history of atopy, symptoms, smoking, and suitability of sleeping materials, sensitization to 17 aeroallergens was evaluated using SPT.Results: About 44.6% of patients had simultaneous allergic rhinitis and asthma, while 21.2% suffered concurrently from ocular allergy. The most prevalent outdoor sensitization was against weed pollens (62.3%), specially Salsola kali (69.9%), mixed extracts of Chenopodium album and Amaranthus retroflexus (58.3%) from Chenopodiaceae family, followed by grasses (44.6%), and trees (35.5%). For indoor allergens, cockroach (32.5%) was the most prevalent aeroallergen, followed by mites (27.1%), mold (23.4%), and animal dander (20.64%).Conclusion: The study showed that reaction to SPT is generally high in Kashan, especially towards weed pollens of the Chenopodiaceae family. Despite her dry climate, the living style in Kashan has traditionally been inclined to keep indoor spaces humid throughout the year and therefore more prone to such indoor aeroallergens as cockroaches, mites, and fungi infestations

The relative aggregate footprint of energy generation across the globe

Immediate increase in contribution of renewables is considered as a quick fix to climate change. However, decarbonising energy portfolios can lead to adverse secondary impacts on other environmental resources. Thus, ambiguity remains around the best performing alternatives with respect to the nexus of impacted resources. This research has established the importance of Relative Aggregate Footprint (RAF) in analysing the overall sustainability and performance of energy alternatives. The RAF is an index computed by multi-criteria assessment through implementation of a System of Systems (SoS) approach. This framework addresses performance value uncertainties, whilst criteria priority can be set based on local resource availability/limitation conditions. The aggregate footprint of alternatives are evaluated based on multiple notions of optimality for increased robustness of the results. The RAF concept is then incorporated with financial portfolio theory, where the risk and return of each energy mix (portfolio) are computed to determine its desirability. The return reflects the overall aggregate footprint (RAF score) of the portfolio, whilst the deviation from the expected return presents the portfolio risk. This approach provided insight on the impact of increasing the share of renewables and diminishing fossil fuels on the aggregate footprints of a portfolio. The study evaluates the performance of 11 energy technologies with respect to carbon, cost, water and land footprints as well as local resource availability conditions for all countries around the world. Based on the results, energy RAFs vary greatly across the globe, indicating the dependency of overall desirability of energies on local conditions, i.e. not all renewables are equally desirable across all countries once their aggregate impacts are accounted. The portfolio outcomes indicate that increased contribution from all renewables does not lead to portfolios with lower RAFs (high returns), or lower risk levels. Incorporation of fossil fuels in combination with appropriate renewables, selected based on local availability conditions, delivered the most diversified portfolios, which often increased the return (decreased the RAF score) for a given risk level.Open Acces

Fiber digestion from different size particles produced by mastication

Typescript (photocopy).The dynamics of fiber digestion related to the size of masticated and ruminated digesta particles were studied in two in vitro digestion experiments. Masticated samples of coastal bermuda hay were fractionated into several ranges of size particles. The particles retained on the largest sieve were separated into stem and leaf fractions. Particles retained on other sieves were studied as whole plant. The fraction retained on the second largest sieve as well as the leaf fraction and stem fraction were studied at both their retaining sizes as well as when ground. In a second experiment, masticated samples and ruminated samples of corn silage were separately fractionated into various particle size ranges. The largest masticated fraction was separated into cob, leaf, epithelium and pith fractions. The second largest masticated fraction was separated into leaf and stem fractions. Masticated fractions retained on all other sieves as well as all ruminated fractions were studied as whole plant. The leaf and cob particles separated from the largest sieve were studied at both their retaining sizes, as well as when ground. All fractions in both experiments were subjected to in vitro digestion for a maximum of 168 hr. Various deterministic (A.D., E and EE) and stochastic (G) models were fitted to the data of both experiments. Models containing both parameters t and I significantly improved the fit of E, EE and G models (a=.025, a=.050 and a=.005, respectively), while the addition of only one of the two parameters did not improve the fit of all models. The stochastic model resulted in a better fit to the coastal bermuda data than either E (a=.005) or EE (a=.025) model. When fitted to the corn silage data, the G model was not significantly better than the E model, while it was superior to the EE model (a=.005). The size of the digesting particles had a direct relationship with time delay of digestion in the case of coastal bermuda particles (a=.05), as well as those of the masticated (a=.01) and digesta (a=.05) fractions of corn silage. The size of digesting particles did not show any significant relationship with rate of digestion. A significant inverse relationship (a=.05) between the size of the digesting particles and the extent of digestion (F480) was observed only for the coastal bermuda data

Fiber digestion from different size particles produced by mastication

Typescript (photocopy).The dynamics of fiber digestion related to the size of masticated and ruminated digesta particles were studied in two in vitro digestion experiments. Masticated samples of coastal bermuda hay were fractionated into several ranges of size particles. The particles retained on the largest sieve were separated into stem and leaf fractions. Particles retained on other sieves were studied as whole plant. The fraction retained on the second largest sieve as well as the leaf fraction and stem fraction were studied at both their retaining sizes as well as when ground. In a second experiment, masticated samples and ruminated samples of corn silage were separately fractionated into various particle size ranges. The largest masticated fraction was separated into cob, leaf, epithelium and pith fractions. The second largest masticated fraction was separated into leaf and stem fractions. Masticated fractions retained on all other sieves as well as all ruminated fractions were studied as whole plant. The leaf and cob particles separated from the largest sieve were studied at both their retaining sizes, as well as when ground. All fractions in both experiments were subjected to in vitro digestion for a maximum of 168 hr. Various deterministic (A.D., E and EE) and stochastic (G) models were fitted to the data of both experiments. Models containing both parameters t and I significantly improved the fit of E, EE and G models (a=.025, a=.050 and a=.005, respectively), while the addition of only one of the two parameters did not improve the fit of all models. The stochastic model resulted in a better fit to the coastal bermuda data than either E (a=.005) or EE (a=.025) model. When fitted to the corn silage data, the G model was not significantly better than the E model, while it was superior to the EE model (a=.005). The size of the digesting particles had a direct relationship with time delay of digestion in the case of coastal bermuda particles (a=.05), as well as those of the masticated (a=.01) and digesta (a=.05) fractions of corn silage. The size of digesting particles did not show any significant relationship with rate of digestion. A significant inverse relationship (a=.05) between the size of the digesting particles and the extent of digestion (F480) was observed only for the coastal bermuda data