Is permanence necessary? Rethinking public space design through principles of nomadism : the case of Magomeni Park in Dar es Salaam

Abstract: Please refer to full text to view abstractM.Tech. (Architecture

Applying lean principles in craft brewing to improve quality and reduce costs : two KwaZulu-Natal case studies.

Master of Commerce. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2018.A significant number of companies around the world have implemented lean methodologies in order to remain competitive. Although these were initially developed for large manufacturing companies, the principles that serve as a foundation for these methodologies are, arguably, also applicable to small companies. The proposed research will focus on small craft breweries in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa to determine if they too can benefit from implementing practices that are based on lean principles. The world’s craft brewing industry is well-established and growing rapidly. Most of the beer brewed in South Africa is mass-produced at comparatively low cost. Craft beer brewed by smaller scale breweries is relatively more expensive to produce and consumers have to accept trade-offs between the perceived better quality and higher cost of craft beer. In order to gain and maintain market share, craft brewers need to produce quality beer whilst reducing production costs. The objectives of this study were threefold. Firstly, it sought to identify appropriate assessment tools that may be used to measure waste in craft breweries. Secondly, to identify and measure any sources of waste that may occur in craft breweries. Lastly, to determine if and how craft brewers can introduce lean methodologies based on lean principles in their production processes in order to improve quality and reduce costs. The study was guided by lean theory. The principles derived from this directed the deployment of lean tools and practices to implement lean production methodologies. Lean theory argues that lean methodologies, if implemented correctly, will yield positive results for all firms in all industries. A multi-case study approach was used, supported by five data collection instruments; direct observations, participant observations, documents & records and semi-structured interviews. A convergent, parallel, mixed methods design was used as this allowed both qualitative and quantitative data to be gathered, analysed and then merged to interpret the findings and results. The data was analysed using content analysis with NVivo software. The main findings of this study indicate that: 1. Lean tools, like the Lean Assessment Tool, which consists of several lean improvement programmes and tools (e.g. setup time reduction, visual controls) may be used to assess waste in craft breweries. 2. The sources of wastes and inefficiencies which were identified from the case studies relate to inventory, overproduction, waiting time, unnecessary transporting, processing waste, inefficient work methods, product defects and underutilised human resources. 3. Identifying lean tools and programmes that the company can implement under its current production capabilities is a key success factor in becoming a lean organisation. 4. Having a step by step implementation model which is clear to follow will help companies to implement lean production. 5. To produce good quality beer, the ingredients used must be of good quality. Also, close monitoring of the brewing processes, times and temperatures is essential. 6. The current challenges in the craft beer industry include high levels of competition from the mainstream beer producing giants, distribution problems, maintaining consistent quality and developing effective marketing plans in a highly contested market. The study was concluded by discussing the implications of these findings for theory and literature, as well as for practitioners. Recommendations, specific for these case studies were provided and areas for future research suggested

Challenges faced by Congolese refugees after arriving in South Africa

In partial fulfilment of the requirement of the degree Bachelor of Social WorkGR201

The lemmatization of loan words in the isiNdebele–English isiHlathululi-imagama/Dictionary and their successful incorporation into the language

Researchers in linguistic and lexicographic fields such as Nkondo (1987: 70) and Kamwangamalu (1997: 89) assert that no language is lexically self-sufficient. According to Jafta (1987: 127), the reason for this is because no perfectly homogenous language group exist. There is no living language that can survive without supplementing its vocabulary through borrowing from another or other language(s). Thus Aitchison (2001: 249) is of the view that language gradually transforms itself and it cannot remain unaltered. On the other hand the so called 'purists' disapprove of such alterations because they view these transformations as a process of language corruption because they prefer coining which Mojela (2010: 702) termed indirect borrowing. This article proves and illustrates this notion as correct, especially in the case of African languages. The technical terms and vocabulary in social interaction is based on adjacent South African languages such as English and Afrikaans, which as official languages have inevitably cross-pollinated each other. Researchers also agree that one way of enriching language is through borrowing. The aim of this article is to show that borrowing does not only enrich a language, but it also causes language dilution especially in the case of languages that are less technologically advanced or do not yet function as official languages.Keywords: Borrowing, corpus, dictionary compilation, lemmatization, lexicographer, lexicography, isiNdebele words, loan words, bilingual dictionaryLemmatisering van leenwoorde in die isiNdebele–English isiHlathululi-imagama/Dictionary en die suksesvolle opname daarvan in die taalNavorsers op linguistiese en leksikografiese terreine soos Nkondo (1987: 70) en Kamwangamalu (1997: 89) voer aan dat geen taal leksikaal selfgenoegsaam is nie. Volgens Jafta (1987: 127) is die rede hiervoor dat geen perfekte homogene taalgroep bestaan nie. Daar is geen lewende taal wat kan oorleef sonder om sy woordeskat aan te vul deur ontlening uit 'n ander taal of tale nie. Daarom huldig Aitchison (2001: 249) die siening dat taal geleidelik omvorm word en nie onveranderd kan bly nie. Aan die ander kant keur sogenaamde 'puriste' sulke veranderinge af omdat hulle hierdie transformasies as 'n proses van taalkorrupsie beskou aangesien hulle verkies om indirekte ontlenings te vorm, soos wat Mojela (2010: 702) dit noem. Hierdie artikel bevestig en illustreer hierdie aanname as korrek, veral in die geval van Afrikatale. Die tegniese terme en woordeskat in sosiale interaksie is gebaseer op naasliggende Suid-Afrikaanse tale soos Engels en Afrikaans, wat mekaar as amptelike tale onafwendbaar kruisbestuif het. Navorsers is dit ook eens dat een manier om taal te verryk deur ontlening geskied. Die doel van die artikel is om aan te toon dat ontlening nie net 'n taal verryk nie, maar dat dit ook taalverarming verhaas veral in die geval van tale wat minder tegnologies gevorderd of nog nie behoorlik as amptelike tale funksioneer nie.Sleutelwoorde: Ontlening, korpus, woordeboeksamestelling, lemmavorming, leksikograaf, leksikografie, isiNdebele woorde, leenwoorde, tweetalige woordeboe

Professional Development of Adult Learners through Open and Distance Learning

The concept of human knowledge is a human construct, and therefore, researching experience from the point of view of those who are living it following a social constructivist paradigm will likely reveal valuable information. Topics covered in this review suggest that the topic “professional development of adult learners” might focus on (a) the choice of learning, in other words, why adults opt for open and distance learning, (b) professional development, (c) learning as adult learners, (d) professional practice, (e) quality assurance, (f) performance in distance education programs, and (g) challenges facing adult students. Approaches that deal with flexible learning are referred to as online or distance learning (ODL). Other examples of flexible learning options available to adult ODL learners are learning from work and employer engagement, part‐time study, web‐based or blended learning, time driven programs at students’ pace, contact sessions, workshops and seminars

Social inequalities through the National Certificate Vocational (NCV) curriculum: a case study of a TVET College

Abstract: The study examined how the jobs occupied by the National Certificate Vocational (NCV) graduates in South Africa affected their social mobility. Questionnaires were used to collect data on both the NCV curriculum and how students were assisted to obtain employment by the institution. The NCV Level 4 graduates who were employed in various sectors also completed a questionnaire on the positions they occupied, the expectations of the jobs and the rewards of being employed. The argument in the study is that the opportunities for employment that the graduates could access were continuing inequalities that were historically characteristic of the South African society. Even though there were changes and improvements in the graduates’ lives, the low status employment they occupied still impeded their social mobility. The slow career progression reinforced the social inequalities in their lives. The conclusion in the study is that unless TVET education is comparable to university education, its impact on social stratification will remain unchanged.M.Ed. (Curriculum and Policy Evaluation

Challenges to the Usage of a Hyphen in Compound Nouns in Southern Ndebele

The problem challenging isiNdebele as anew written language is the manner in whichcompounds are formed. The major challenge is foundin compound nouns that are formed from three tofour different parts of speech. Such compound nounsare written differently, there are a lot ofinconsistencies in as far as the writing of thesecompound nouns is concerned. Some are hyphenatedand some are not hyphenated. The question iswhether to write them with or without a hyphen, ifthey should be written with a hyphen, and whereshould one put a hyphen?Compounding involves the joining together of twoindependent words to form a new word. Cluver(1989:274) states that compounding is “by far themost productive word-forming process in theGermanic languages”. A combination of two or moreelements or parts. Linguistically compounding means“A word that consists either of two or more elementsthat are independent words”.According to the revised orthography and spellingrule (2005 and 2008), the hyphen in isiNdebele is usedamongst other things to separate compound nounssignifying linguistic concepts. Language is neverstatic, it is dynamic. The new inventions and newterms that are adopted in isiNdebele affectscompounding. There is a rapidly development of newterms coined on daily basis and there is also an influxof new terms that isiNdebele is experiencing whichalso affects compounding. Language standardizationis definitely part of language management. Hudson ascited by Van Huyssteen (2003:26) seesstandardization as a process of intervention by societyin the normal development of language. As suchisiNdebele lexicographers are faced with a challengein becoming the gate keepers and taking finaldecisions when dealing with the lemmatization ofcompounds, hence the inconsistencies.The aim of this article is to try to minimize theinconsistencies that are found in compound nounsformed by more than three parts of speech and tocome up with acceptable strategies in the use of ahyphen when writing compounds. Finally this paperwill contribute towards solving these problems byoffering practical approach within the context of thewritten standard language. This will also benefitlexicographers as they will be consistent whendefining lemmas with hyphens

Examining compliance procedures in the investigation of tender irregularities

This study examined the investigation of tender irregularities within the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (CoT) and employed semi-structured interviews with investigators attached to the CoT Group Audit and Risk (GAR) Division within the Protection Service to obtain data. A literature study relating to aspects of tender irregularities and the investigation of non-compliance was conducted. From the results of this research, it appears that participants do not optimally investigate the non-compliance of tender procedures by service providers to reduce tender irregularities within the CoT. However, it is apparent that participants experience challenges to efficiently investigate the non-compliance of tender procedures by service providers within the CoT to reduce tender irregularities. The study makes recommendations that could assist investigators at the CoT GAR Division to enhance their investigations of the non-compliance of tender procedures by service providers.Criminology and Security ScienceM. Tech. (Forensic Investigation