Global dimensions for the recognition of prototypical urban roads in large-scale vector topographic maps

CISRG discussion paper ; 1

Radial flow of kaon mesons in heavy ion reactions

This work investigates the collective motion of kaons in heavy ion reactions at SIS energies (about 1-2 GeV/nucleon). A radial collective flow of $K^+$ mesons is predicted to exist in central Au + Au collisions, which manifests in a characteristic "shoulder-arm" shape of the transverse mass spectrum of the midrapidity $K^+$ mesons. The $K^+$ radial flow arises from the repulsive $K^+$ mean field in nuclear matter. In spite of a strong reabsorption and rescattering the attractive $K^-$ mean field leads as well to a collective radial flow of $K^-$ mesons. The $K^-$ radial flow, however, is different from that of $K^+$ mesons and can be observed by a characteristic "concave" structure of the transverse mass spectrum of the $K^-$ mesons emitted at midrapidity. The kaon radial flows can therefore serve as a novel tool for the investigation of kaon properties in dense nuclear matter.Comment: 30 pages RevTex, 5 PS figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Review of 113 cases of autoimmune disorders in pregnancy

Background: Autoimmune disorders are chronic multisystem disorders affecting women of their reproductive age. Pregnancy among these women is complicated by the disease itself. Flaring up of disease, uteroplacental insufficiency due to vasculitis and drugs used for treatment are main reason for unfavourable pregnancy outcomes. The objective of this study was to analyze the pregnancy complications and outcome among 113 cases of autoimmune disorders.Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of case records of pregnant women with autoimmune disorders. This study was conducted at PSG IMSR and Hospital, Coimbatore, and Tamil Nadu from July 2012 to June 2018. The case sheets were retrieved from medical record department and the details such as type of disease, maternal age, parity, status of disease at conception, treatment taken during pregnancy, maternal complications and fetal complications were collected and analyzed.Results: During 6-year period there were 113 pregnant women with autoimmune disorders, and they were studied of their previous and present pregnancy outcome. The disease incidence was 7.01% per 1000 deliveries. 40.7% were less than 25 years age group and 71.6% were multigravidae. We had forty-one patients (36%) who were positive for APLA syndrome which were the maximum number of patients with auto immune disorder in pregnancy and 37 patients (32.7) with SLE. We had significant numbers of maternal and fetal complications for common disorders. Most of the rare auto immune disorders were diagnosed before pregnancy and these pregnancies were managed by multi-disciplinary approach, and continued on immunomodulators throughout pregnancy, hence maternal and fetal complications were less for them.Conclusions: Adequate pre-conceptional counseling, vigilant monitoring during pregnancy and post-partum will avoid pregnancy related complications and have favorable outcomes

In-medium dependence and Coulomb effects of the pion production in heavy ion collisions

The properties of the high energy pions observed in heavy ion collisions, in particular in the system Au on Au at 1 GeV/nucleon are investigated. The reaction dynamics is described within the Quantum Molecular Dynamics (QMD) approach. It is shown that high energy pions freeze out early and originate from the hot, compressed matter. $N^*$--resonances are found to give an important contribution toward the high energy tail of the pion. Further the role of in-medium effects in the description of charged pion yields and spectra is investigated using a microscopic potential derived from the Brueckner G-matrix which is obtained with the Reid soft-core potential. It is seen that the high energy part of the spectra is relatively more suppressed due to in-medium effects as compared to the low energy part. A comparision to experiments further demonstrates that the present calculations describe reasonably well the neutral (TAPS) and charged (FOPI) pion spectra. The observed energy dependence of the $\pi^-/\pi^+$ ratio, i.e. deviations from the isobar model prediction, is due to Coulomb effects and again indicate that high energy pions probe the hot and dense phase of the reaction. These findings are confirmed independently by a simple phase space analysis.Comment: 28 pages Latex, prepared with elsevier-style, 13 PS-figure

Neutrosophic bg-closed Sets and its Continuity

Smarandache introduced and developed the new concept of Neutrosophic set from the Intuitionistic fuzzy sets. A.A. Salama introduced Neutrosophic topological spaces by using the Neutrosophic crisp sets. Aim of this paper is we introduce and study the concepts Neutrosophic b generalized closed sets and Neutrosophic b generalized continuity in Neutrosophic topological spaces and its Properties are discussed details

Pharmacological Screening of Hepato and Nephro Protective Activity of the Leaves of Orthosiphon Stamineus and Coccinia Grandis Leaves in Male Wistar Rat.

Research is a process of enquiry and investigation; it is systematic, methodical and ethical; research can help solve practical problems. “All that man needs for health and healing has been provided by god in nature, the challenge of science is to find it” “The doctor of the future will no longer treat the human frame with drugs, but rather will Cure and prevent disease with nutrition” - Thomas Edison. The world's disease profile is changing, and chronic diseases now account for the majority of global morbidity and mortality, rather than infectious diseases. During the 20th century, infectious diseases were the major cause of death and disability. However in this century, non communicable, non infectious chronic diseases such as hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity have become the major cause of mortality and morbidity around the world. The kidneys and the liver are responsible for important functions of the body. The kidneys work to maintain water and electrolyte balance, regulate the concentration of the acid base balance and to filter waste from the blood for excretion into the urine. The liver secretes bile, helps with the production of certain blood proteins and assists in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Many chemicals, foods, drugs and infections can cause variety of liver and kidney diseases. Based on the extensive medicinal claims of Orthosiphon stamineus and Coccinia grandis the aim and objectives of the present study is designed to evaluate the Pharmacological screening of Hepato and Nephroprotective activity of Orthosiphon stamineus and Coccinia grandis leaves in male wistar rats. The main objectives of the present study were • To confirm the authenticity and collection of the plant species. • To identify the various phytochemical constituents of methanol extracts of leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus and Coccinia grandis. • To select therapeutically active extract by in-vitro pharmacological studies. • To carryout the Thin Layer Chromatography of methanol extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus and Coccinia grandis. • To carryout the High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography of methanol extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus and Coccinia grandis. • To screen the Nephroprotective (acute and chronic renal failure) activity of the methanol extracts of leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus and Coccinia grandis in wistar rats. • To screen the Hepatoprotective (acute and chronic liver failure) activity of the methanol extracts of leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus and Coccinia grandis in wistar rats. • To carryout the column chromatography of the methanol extracts of leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus and Coccinia grandis. • To screen the Nephroprotective (acute and chronic renal failure) activity of the fractions obtained from the methanol extracts of leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus and Coccinia grandis in wistar rats. • To screen the Hepatoprotective (acute and chronic liver failure) activity of the fractions obtained from the methanol extracts of leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus and Coccinia grandis in wistar rats. • To carryout the docking study for Hepato and Nephroprotective activities of compounds present in the leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus and Coccinia grandis to confirm the therapeutic effect of these plants. • To carryout the isolation and characterization of methanol fractions of Orthosiphon stamineus and Coccinia grandis with maximum activity based on the pharmacological screening of Hepato and Nephroprotective activity. The thesis entitled “Pharmacological screening of Hepato and Nephroprotective activity of Orthosiphon stamineus and Coccinia grandis leaves in male wistar rats” deals with phytochemical and pharmacological investigation of traditionally used medicinal plants. A perusal of the literature revealed that only fragmentary information was available on these plant species regarding pharmacological activity by any other researchers. Plants are becoming potential source for phytoconstituents with varied pharmacological activities. Identification of such plants of potential use in medicine is of significance. Cells in humans and other organisms are constantly exposed to a variety of oxidizing agents, some of which are necessary for life. In the status of normal metabolism, levels of oxidants and antioxidants in humans are maintained in balance, which is important for sustaining optimal physiological conditions. Overproduction of oxidants in certain conditions can cause an imbalance, leading to oxidative damage to large biomolecules such as lipids, DNA, and proteins. Many synthetic drugs protect against oxidative damage but they have adverse side effects. Recently, there has been a considerable interest in finding natural antioxidants from plant materials to replace synthetic ones. Natural antioxidant substances are presumed to be safe since they occur in plant foods, and are seen as more desirable than their synthetic counterparts. Data from both scientific reports and laboratory studies show that plants contain a large variety of substances called ‘‘plant chemicals’’ or ‘‘phytochemicals’’ that possess antioxidant activity Since, secondary metabolites are responsible for biological activity, this study would be the leading path way of information for selection of the extract for pharmacological activity and isolation of constituents responsible for the activity. The mechanisms of synergistic actions of herbal ingredients can be explored for designing new multi-target drugs and drug combinations and for discovering potent drug combinations that are individually sub therapeutic but efficacious in combination. These synergistic properties are unique to phytotherapy and it gives both to efficacy and safety. A plant extract is more than the isolated constituents out of it and it can substantiate the perception that herbal medicinal products have something special to offer, at least a scientifically based explanation for the clinical bioequivalence of many plant extracts with synthetic drugs at the same therapeutic indications with better therapeutic benefits. In my research I found the effective herb-herb combination therapy for both acute and chronic conditions of kidney and liver failure. Orthosiphon stamineus and Coccinia grandis herb-herb combination therapy (1:1) exhibited stongest nephroprotective and hepatoprotective activity especially for treating the following acute and chronic conditions such as Kidney diseases: 1) Renal Tubulopathy, 2) Renal Ischemia, 3) Renal tubular acidosis, 4) Renal Interstitial Fibrosis, 5) Diabetic nephropathy, 6) Glomerulosclerosis, Liver diseases: 1) Cirrhosis, 2) Hepatitis, 3) Fibrosis, 4) Steatosis

Analysis of various types of ectopic pregnancies: a five-year review

Background: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a common, life threatening emergency during the first trimester and a significant cause for maternal morbidity and mortality. In any woman of reproductive age presenting with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding, ectopic pregnancy should be considered. The objectives of the present study is to determine the incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation, type of ectopic pregnancy, treatment, morbidity and mortality.Methods: Retrospective analysis of case sheets of patients admitted with ectopic pregnancy at PSGIMSR, Coimbatore during the period July 2011 to June 2016 was done. The details noted were age, parity, risk factors {previous abortion, previous EP, previous pelvic surgery, intrauterine contraceptive device, tubectomy, history of pelvic inflammatory disease}, treatment for infertility, clinical presentation, ultrasound findings, investigations including beta HCG value and hemoglobin level, treatment offered, need for blood transfusion, operative findings and morbidity.Results: During the five year, there were 12,407 deliveries at our hospitals and 88 cases of ectopic pregnancies were managed. The incidence is 6.6/1000 deliveries. Among them 44% belonged to the age group of 25-30 years and multi gravida were 73.8%. Most common risk factors were previous abortion (23.8%) and previous surgeries including caesarean section, tubectomy, appendicectomy, tubal microsurgery (23.8%). Most common presentation was pain abdomen (85.2%). Out of the 88 cases, 73 patients were managed surgically (82.9%) and 11 cases were managed successfully with methotrexate (12.5%). Three of them underwent conservative management and one had Uterine Artery Embolization.Conclusions: Early diagnosis based on risk factors and timely intervention plays a main role in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with ectopic pregnancy

Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management: Advancements, Implications and Future Prospects

The present condition, challenges, and potential applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in human resource management (HRM) are all explored in this survey article. As an innovation, artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to completely revolutionize several facets of human resource management (HRM). Examining the usage of AI-powered tools and systems in different HR processes, the present situation with AI in HRM is examined. These encompass learning and development, performance management, employee engagement, and recruiting. The use of AI algorithms and machine learning approaches to automate regular HR operations, analyze vast amounts of employee data, and provide insightful data to aid decision-making is addressed in this article. However, integrating AI into HRM also poses a number of difficulties that must be resolved. Bias, privacy issues, and transparency are just a few of the ethical and legal ramifications of using AI in decision-making processes that are discussed in this survey. The study emphasizes how accountability and fairness must be maintained in AI systems by responsible design, oversight, and periodic evaluation. With an emphasis on job displacement and workforce reorganization, the possible influence of AI on the human workforce is also explored. To effectively traverse this change, strategies including work role redefinition, employee up skilling, and establishing a collaborative atmosphere between humans and AI are suggested. The possible advantages and breakthroughs that AI might bring to HRM practices are highlighted as the future perspectives of AI in HRM are examined. As new applications for AI in HRM, sentiment analysis, predictive analytics, intelligent decision support, and personalized employee experiences are all highlighted. In order to fully realize the promise of AI in HRM, the study underlines the significance of data infrastructure, data governance frameworks, and a data-driven culture. Overall, this survey study offers an in-depth review of the existing situation, difficulties, and prospects for AI in HRM. It aggregates current information, identifies research gaps, and gives practitioners and scholars new perspectives on how AI will fundamentally alter the way HRM activities are carried out in the future