International Journal of Tamil Language and Literary Studies

The conference is an outcome to bring out the LIFE ETHICS EVINCED IN TAMIL LITERATURE

An Investigation of Ultra-Wideband Filters for Cognitive Radio Networks

The requirement for radio spectrum has been increasing and this has resulted in the materialization of wireless applications with enhanced features and higher data rate. The spectrum is scant, and the current radio spectrum regulation is making its use inefficient. This necessitates the development of new dynamic spectrum allocation policies to better exploit the existing spectrum. According to the present spectrum allocation regulations, specific frequency bands are allocated to particular services and only approved users are granted access to licensed bands. Cognitive radio (CR) is expected to modernize the mode spectrum is allocated. In a CR network, the intelligent radio part allows secondary users (unlicensed users) to access spectrum bands allocated to the licensed primary users with the avoidance of interference. A solution to this inefficiency has been highly successful in the ISM (2.4 GHz), the U-NII (5–6 GHz), and microwave (57–64 GHz) bands, by making the unused spectra accessible on an unlicensed basis. However, in order to obtain spectra for unlicensed operation, new sharing concepts have been introduced to allow the usage of spectra by secondary users under the prerequisite that they limit their interference to the primary users. This would start by studying techniques employed in the design of UWB filters. This study is aimed to investigate the filters for overlay and underlay CR. This paper presents a comparative study of ultra-wideband filters for Cognitive Radio Networks

Covid – 19: Impact On The Indian Economy

The onset of COVID-19, the global economy is set to undergo a sharp double-dip recession. As many international agencies have already forecasted, the global growth could be -3 per cent in 2020, which is a decline of about 6 percentage points from the baseline projection of positive 3 per cent growth with no pandemic. Such swings in growth forecasts are unprecedented, and this is due to both health scare with lots of deaths and infections and also due to the lockdown of a major part of the global economy. Added to this, the pandemic appears to be more severe in the industrialized economy. While the forecasts for 2021 suggest a sharp rebound, the trends suggest that the world may need to endure this for a longer period than expected. Unlike the global economy, Indian economy was already in a slowdown phase before the pandemic affected and there were expectations that the economy is on a recovery path. But, with the COVID-19 such hopes are not only dented rather down turn turning out to be much deeper. There are various forecasts that suggest a sharper slowdown. Some forecasts even suggest a negative growth, which was not heard in the past five decades. With the lockdown and with increasing infections, the uncertainty in the economy has increased manifolds. There are also discussions about the shapeoftherecovery–VorUorW. But, in our view, the most probabilistic recovery could see an elongated U shape

(R1961) On Fuzzy Upper and Lower Theta Star Semicontinuous Multifunctions

This work introduces the concepts of fuzzy upper and lower theta star (respectively theta)- semicontinuous multifunction on fuzzy topological spaces in the Sostak sense. In L-fuzzy topological spaces, the mutual relationships of these fuzzy upper (resp. fuzzy lower) theta star (resp. theta)-semicontinuous multifunctions are established, as well as several characterizations and properties. Later, researchers looked at the composition and union of these multifunctions

Potential of Silver Craft Product Through to Community-Based for Tourism Sustainability in Celuk Village

Celuk village has been known as a center of silver industry. In its current development of tourism, the purchasing power of tourists has decreased. The development of tourism trends with the changing mindset to do traveling was given some impact on it. Tourist reduced interest in buying silver, so the economy of Celuk villagers was weakening. Tourist more interested in interacting and directly involved tourism activities in an area where they visited especially in terms of unique social and cultural. From the research results obtained the tourism potential that can be developed in the Celuk village as a center of silver industry quite a lot and there also can develop supporting facilities for tourism activities as a tourist attraction. The potential of tourism products can be developed in Celuk village such as special interest tourism through  to  silver craft class by handmade process, educational tourism with a tour around the process how to make silver craft by hand (traditional) or by modern machine (silver process print), visiting the gallery/art shop to see the results of silver handicrafts and in  the same time can bought directly, Celuk Jewelry Festival held every year on a particular month, accommodation (homestay) at craftsmen house with simple concept according to the daily silver craftsman life's especially for tourists who want to learn to make silver crafts more than a day

Social Media as Promotion Trend for Increasing Tourist Visit Towards Digital Era

This study examines "Social media as a trend of promotion for increasing tourist visits of the digital era at Tegallantang village Ubud Bali". Marketing leaders need timely and accurate reports about current sales. Smart companies make use of "cookies," records of Web site users that are stored in a personal browser, are smart target marketing users. Companies must translate sales data carefully so as not to draw wrong conclusions. In addition to saving mail expenses, this data manipulation can often achieve a double-digit response rate. The company stores this data (data warehousing) and makes it easily accessible to decision makers. Furthermore, by employing analysis that has expertise in complex statistical methods, companies can "dig" data (data mining) and gather new knowledge about neglected customer segments, and other useful information. The internal data system provides results data, but the marketing intelligence system provides current data (happenings). Marketing intelligence system (marketing intelligence system) is a collection of procedures and resources used by managers to obtain daily information about various developments in the marketing environment. The marketing manager collects marketing intelligence by reading books, newspapers, and trade publications, talking with customers, suppliers, and distributors; observe "social media" on the internet through online discussion groups, e-mail lists, and blogs and meet with other company managers. In this context, social media plays an important role for every effort to connect with digital customers spread across the world indefinitely

Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge and Attitude regarding Management of Selected Visual Problems in Primary School Children among Teachers at Namakkal

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge and attitude regarding management of selected visual problems in primary school children among teachers at Namakkal. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the existing knowledge and attitude regarding management of selected visual problems in primary school children among teachers. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on management of selected visual problems in primary school children among teachers. 3. To correlate the post test knowledge and attitude regarding management of selected visual problems in primary school children among teachers. 4. To find out the association between post test knowledge and attitude regarding management of selected visual problems in primary school children among teachers with their demographic variable. HYPOTHESIS: H1- There will be a significant difference between pre test and post test level of knowledge and attitude regarding management of selected visual problems in primary school children among teachers. H2-There will be a significant correlation between post test level of knowledge and attitude regarding management of selected visual problems in primary school children among teachers. H3-There will be a significant association between of post test knowledge and attitude regarding management of selected visual problems in primary school children among teachers with their demographic variables. METHODOLOGY: The research design used in this study was quasi experimental design, one group pre and post test design without control group. The samples for the study consist of 30 teachers selected by simple random sampling technique by using lottery method. A structured knowledge questionnaire was used to assess knowledge and attitude scale used to assess the attitude regarding management of selected visual problems in primary school children among teachers. Following pre test structured teaching programme was given to school teachers about 45 minutes. A post test was conducted to assess the level of knowledge and attitude with the same tool used for the pre test after 7 days. Collected data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics in term of frequency percentage, mean, standard deviation and chi-square analysis. The findings revealed that in the pre test, 28 (93.33%) had inadequate knowledge and 2 (6.67%) had moderately adequate knowledge whereas in the post test after the administration of structured teaching programme, 25 (83.33%) had adequate knowledge, and 5 (16.67%) had moderately adequate knowledge regarding management of selected visual problems in primary school children among teachers. Regarding attitude in the pre test, 27(90%) had unfavourable attitude and 3 (10%) had moderately favourable attitude whereas in the post test after the administration of self-instructional module, 24 (80%) had favourable attitude and 6 (20%) had moderately favourable attitude regarding management of selected visual problems in primary school children among teachers. The analysis revealed that the post test mean score of knowledge was 21.06±1.98 and the post test mean score of attitude was 43.80±5.46. The calculated Karl Pearson’s Correlation ‘r’ value of rs = 0.629 shows a moderate positive correlation between post test knowledge and attitude score which was found to be statistically significant at p≤0.001 level. CONCLUSION: This study shows an improvement in knowledge and attitude after the educational intervention

Path Double Covering Number of Product Graphs

A path partition or a path cover of a graph G is a collection P of paths in G such that every edge of G is in exactly one path in P. Various types of path covers such as Smarandache path k-cover, simple path covers have been studied by several authors by imposing conditions on the paths in the path covers. In this paper, We study the minimum number of paths which cover a graph such that each edge of the graph occurs exactly twice in two(distinct) paths