Reference-dependent analysis of capital structure and REIT performance

Using prospect theory, we develop a theoretical framework to examine the relationship between leverage and Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) returns by introducing the concept of reference point. We postulate that firms’ capital structure decisions are affected by target leverage (i.e., the reference point) as well as the observed leverage. Market conditions combined with firms’ capital structure will put firms in either loss or gain domains, where firms behave differently. In general, the leverage-return relationship is positive in the gain domain and negative in the loss domain. Firms are then subject to asymmetric risk preference in different domains. Our empirical evidence shows strong support for the theoretical model. Compared to the conventional approach where only observed leverage is used, our model is more flexible and realistic in revealing the underlying structure of the leverage–returns relationship.We are grateful for financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project #71231005) and the Senior Members’ Research Grant from Newnham College, University of Cambridge

A case report of unusual anatomical variation: externalisation of inferior alveolar nerve

$\textit{INTRODUCTION:}$ The risks of third molar surgery have been well documented with damage to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) being one of the largest concerns. $\textit{PRESENTATION OF CASE:}$ This case report presents an impacted third molar with associated dentigerous cyst in which the IAN is externalised and runs along the lateral surface of the mandible. $\textit{DISCUSSION:}$ This is an extremely rare anatomical variation with most IANs lying inferior and lingually to third molars. This case reiterates the limitations of standard radiographic techniques such as the orthopantomogram (OPG). $\textit{CONCLUSION:}$ We would advocate the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in cases which have adverse plain radiographic features to allow appropriate surgical planning

Additional file 14: Table S10. of A novel phase variant of the cholera pathogen shows stress-adaptive cryptic transcriptomic signatures

Genes that were not significantly differentially regulated from N16961 to N16961R but were significantly up-regulated in N16961SD. (XLSX 22 kb

Additional file 2: Table S1. of A novel phase variant of the cholera pathogen shows stress-adaptive cryptic transcriptomic signatures

Percentage of reads mapped to the reference genome for each RNA sample. (XLSX 10 kb

Additional file 13: Table S9. of A novel phase variant of the cholera pathogen shows stress-adaptive cryptic transcriptomic signatures

Genes that were not significantly differentially regulated from N16961 to N16961R but were significantly down-regulated in N16961SD. (XLSX 25 kb

Additional file 10: Table S6. of A novel phase variant of the cholera pathogen shows stress-adaptive cryptic transcriptomic signatures

Genes that were significantly up-regulated from N16961 to N16961R and remained up-regulated in N16961SD. (XLSX 14 kb

La Dépêche africaine : grand organe républicain indépendant de correspondance entre les Noirs : et d'études des questions politiques et économiques coloniales / directeur fondateur rédacteur en chef Maurice Satineau

février 19291929/02 (N12,A2)-1929/03

Global Awakening of Cryptic Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in <i>Burkholderia thailandensis</i>

Many bacteria encode biosynthetic proteins that produce a vast array of natural products. These compounds are often synthesized during host invasion as they function as virulence factors. In addition, such secondary metabolites have yielded numerous molecular scaffolds with pharmaceutical and clinical importance. The gene clusters that encode proteins responsible for synthesis of these compounds are typically silenced or “cryptic” under laboratory growth conditions, hampering discovery of novel lead compounds. We report here that MftR is a global repressor of secondary metabolite synthesis in <i>Burkholderia thailandensis</i> and that urate functions as a physiologically relevant inducer of gene expression. Biosynthetic gene clusters under MftR control include those associated with production of the antimicrobial bactobolins, the iron siderophore malleobactin, and the virulence factor malleilactone. MftR also controls additional genes associated with survival in a host environment, such as genes encoding components of the type III secretion system (T3SS) and proteins linked to anaerobic respiration. This observation not only has implications for understanding activation of gene regulatory networks during host invasion, but it also paves the way for isolation of novel therapeutic leads