Study of impact of anemia on pregnancy

Background: Anemia during pregnancy is highly prevalent in developing countries like India. Mostly is nutritional, of which iron deficiency anemia is predominant. Pregnancy is a state of hemodilution, also there is increased requirement of iron and folic acid during pregnancy. The incidence varies with socioeconomic status, literacy. Anemia has adverse outcome on both mother and fetal health. Poor fetal outcome like increase in preterm deliveries, increase in intrauterine growth restriction, increase in NICU admission, intrauterine death is seen. Maternal complications increase with anemia. This study aims to study the prevalence, type of anemia and its effect on mother and fetus. Objective of present study were to investigate the type and degree of anemia and to study the maternal and perinatal outcome.Methods: This study was done in department of obstetrics and gynecology in M. R. Medical college kalaburagi for 1 year. Study was conducted on 100 pregnant women. Haemoglobin estimation was done for all woman in 3rd trimester. Severity of anemia was detected by ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) classification. Depending on degree and type of anemia all were treated and followed up for maternal and perinatal outcome.Results: The incidence of mild, moderate, severe anemia were 28%, 54%, 18% respectively. Most of the anemic woman belonged to low socioeceonomic status 84%. 16% had maternal complications. Poor perinatal outcome was seen in unbooked and referred cases.Conclusions: Anemia continues to be a major problem in developing countries with poor maternal and neonatal outcome. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve both maternal and neonatal outcome

Risk factors and management of ectopic pregnancy

Background: One of the critical and commonest acute abdominal emergencies which a gynaecologist has to manage in day to day practise is ectopic pregnancy. The present study is compilation to know the risk factors and different modalities of medical and surgical management of patients with ectopic pregnancy.Methods: All patients diagnosed of Ectopic pregnancy at Basaveshwar teaching and general hospital and Sangameshwar teaching and general hospital attached to Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College were part of the study, over a period of two years (August 2014 to July 2016). It was a prospective study with pivot tables, graphs and chi square test.Results: In a span of 2 years 50 cases were studied. Maximum age incidence was 21-25 years. Greater incidence was seen in primigravida accounting for 28%. Most patients presented with pain in abdomen (50 cases). Risk factors included previous abortion, contraception history, sterilization history and pelvic surgery. 47 cases underwent laparotomy and 3 cases were managed medically. 66% had tubal rupture and the most common site was ampulla. Post-operative period was uneventful in majority of cases.Conclusions: With the increasing incidence of ectopic pregnancy, screening of high risk cases, early diagnosis and early intervention are required to prevent the maternal deaths and conservation of reproductive health

A prospective study on causality, severity and preventability assessment of adverse drug reactions in a tertiary care hospital in India

Background: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence and pattern of adverse drug reaction (ADRs), causality, severity and preventability of ADRs.Methods: Data was collected and analyzed with the information such as patients’ demographic details, associated co-morbid conditions and detailed drug related information gathered from ADR reporting forms. World Health Organization (WHO) scale was used for assessing causality, modified Hartwig scale was used for assessing severity and modified Schumock and Thorntons scale were used for assessing preventability of ADRs. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results: Total 154 ADRs were reported in a period of one year (August 2016- July 2017). Out of 154 ADRs analyzed, 120 (77.9%) were in adults, 33 (21.4%) pediatric and 01 (0.7%) in geriatric patients. The most common ADR recorded was cutaneous reactions (43.5%) and the most common causative class of drugs for the same was found to be antimicrobials (46.7%) followed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (15.6%). Causality assessment scale indicated 68.8% ADRs possible and 24% ADRs as probable. Severity assessment revealed that 45.5 % were mild, 50.6% moderate and 3.9% ADRs severe. Preventability assessment showed 84.4% of the cases were probably non-preventable.Conclusions: In this study it was found that, most of the ADRs were of possible category with mild to moderate severity and majority being non-preventable. Antimicrobial drugs being the most common offending drug class causing ADRs. Strategies targeting appropriate and cautious use of this class of drugs may benefit in reducing the number of ADRs and therefore the cost involved in the treatment

Talc Fragrance: A Rectal Foreign Body

Foreign bodies in the rectum, although not much common present a challenging task to the surgeons for retrieval. Although different types of foreign bodies are reported an adult talcum container in rectum is not yet reported. Depending on the type and position they can cause anorectal trauma and perforative peritonitis. Diagnosis is usually by history, per rectal examination and radiography. Most of the cases are treated by trans anal retrieval

Angiolipoma of Breast: A Surgical Surprise

Lipoma can occur anywhere in body, but an angiolipoma of the breast is rare. Lipoma of breast usually causes diagnostic dilemma, because of fatty composition of breast. It is a soft tissue tumor of benign variety. Treatment includes simple excision

Management of Ureteric Calculi in Dhule City of North-western Maharashtra

Background: Urolithiasis, usually affecting people in the prime of life, causes significant morbidity and loss of productivity. Uretericstones account for 2/3rd of all urinary calculi brought to attention of doctors. The damaging effects of the calculi may result in obstruction with dilatation of the urinary tract, leading to stasis and severe infection. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate patients with urinary stones with regards to the incidence, age, sex,clinical presentation, site, size, side, management and their complications. Material and Methods:It was a prospective study carried out by Department of Surgery at Annasaheb Chudaman Patil Memorial Medical College, and Hospital Dhule for a period of two years. Patients were selected after they were diagnosed as having ureteric calculi. The patients were treated by conservative or surgical methods, and the outcome was monitored. Statistical analysis of the data was done for obtaining results.Result: The majority of the patients were males with peak age group in the second and third decade. Pain in abdomen or loin tenderness was the most common presenting symptom. Most of the patients were treated by conservative medical management. Endourological procedures were the most commonly performed surgical intervention. Conclusion: Most of the patients with ureteric calculi present with painin abdomen and majority can be treated by medical management. With the availability of better facilities the requirement for open surgery is decreasing and endourological procedures are becoming the means of surgical intervention.Complications are minimal with surgical expertise for endourological procedures