SCREENING AND PRODUCTION OF ANTICARCINOGENIC ENZYME FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI CTLS20: L - ASPARAGINASE

Objective: The objective of this study was attempted to screen the production of L-asparaginase from bacteria isolated from soil samples and its enzymatic activity.Methods: Screening of L-asparaginase was performed using phenol red indicator growth medium from which the positive strains were chosen based on the colour change. The enzyme production of L-asparaginase was established by submerged fermentation followed by the molecular detection of the efficient bacterial strains.Results: The enzyme production was undertaken by submerged fermentation with the evaluation of enzymatic activity and protein content. This revealed that the strain Escherichia coli CTLS20 produced a higher yield of L-asparaginase (30.22 IU/mg), 16.91 µg/ml of protein with the specific activity of 1.787 IU/mg when compared with other bacterial strains. The efficient bacterial strains were also confirmed by 16S rRNA sequence as Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumnnii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and the phylogenetic tree construction revealed the evolutionary relationship of the bacterial strains.Conclusion: This study indicated that the bacterial strain E. coli CTLS20 had the ability for the higher production of L-asparaginase. This novel higher yielding bacterial asparaginase is highly desirable as better alternatives in cancer therapy.Keywords: Soil, L-asparaginase, Submerged fermentation, E. coli, Phylogenetic tre

Thermal analysis of SUS 304 stainless steel using ethylene glycol/nanocellulose-based nanofluid coolant

Green cooling system usage in machining is getting favors to minimize the environmental effect such as pollutions. Around 20% of the machining cost is about coolant usage in flooded cooling technique. Even though coolant has a reasonably low cost, their handling and disposing cost are very high and also, threatening toxic contents, disposal of used coolant is a big problem as it can lead to hazardous effect to the machining operates as well as to the environment. As an alternative, a cooling technique known as minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) was introduced in the machining operation. For MQL technique, the coolant should exhibit superior properties which are effective in machining operation when compared with the conventional machining coolant which is metal working fluid (MWF). Owing to the technology advancements by nanotechnology in nanomaterial, the nanofluid is a promising coolant that can replace the conventional machining coolant. In the present work, ethylene glycol/nanocellulose-based nanofluid is evaluated in terms of its thermo-physical properties and its effectiveness in machining performances which is temperature distribution in cutting tool and compare its effectiveness with MWF. Its effectiveness is tested in turning machining operation of SUS 304 stainless steel using cemented tungsten-cobalt (WC-Co)-coated carbide cutting insert. The turning operation by using ethylene glycol/nanocellulose-based nanofluid coolant with 0.5 vol% which exhibit a superior thermal conductivity of 0.449 W/m K than 0.267 W/m K thermal conductivity of MWF at 30 °C. The recorded lower amount of heat transfer to the cutting tool is 863 J compared with 1130 J when using MWF. On the other hand, the maximum temperature reading recorded at chip formed by using MWF is 225 °C whereas by using nanofluid is 154 °C which promises lower temperature distribution to chip formed during the machining operation. Also, the functionality of nanofluid as a thermal transport during machining is proven via chip formation observation analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum analysis

Statistical model for impact and energy absorption of 3D printed coconut Wood-PLA

Fused deposition modeling (FDM)-3D printing has been the favored technology to build functional components in various industries. The present study investigates infill percentage and infill pattern effects on the printed parts’ impact properties through the 3D printing technique using coconut wood-filled PLA composites. Mathematical models are also proposed in the present study with the aim for future property prediction. According to the ASTM standard, fifteen specimens with different parameter combinations were printed using a low-cost FDM 3D printer to evaluate their impact properties. Statistical analysis was performed using MINITAB to validate the experimental data and model development. The experimental outcomes reveal the honeycomb pattern with 75% infill density achieves the highest energy absorption (0.837 J) and impact energy (5.1894 kJ/m2). The p-value from statistical analysis clearly shows that all the impact properties are less than the alpha value of 0.05, suggesting all the properties are vital to determine the impact properties. The validation process affirms that the generated mathematical model for the energy absorbed and the impact energy is reliable at an acceptable level to predict their respective properties. The errors between the experimental value and the predicted value are 3.98% for the energy absorbed and 4.06% for impact energy. The findings are expected to provide insights on the impact behavior of the coconut wood-filled PLA composites prepared by FDM-3D printing and a mathematical model to predict the impact properties

Comprehensive investigation and prediction model for mechanical properties of coconut wood–polylactic acid composites filaments for FDM 3D printing

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a practical 3D printing technology to print thermoplastic and composite materials. The FDM 3D printing process has gained substantial attention due to its capability to produce complex and accurate components. Recently, the wood particles-based flament in 3D printing has become a subject of interest, which is due to their prominent advantages, such as thermal resistivity, corrosion resistivity, biodegradable characteristics, and being environmentally friendly. Therefore, this research study aims to investigate the mechanical properties and statistical prediction model development for coconut wood–polylactic acid (PLA). The experimental investigation was carried out according to the ASTM standards (tensile—ASTM D638 Type 1, compression—ASTM D695, and bending—ASTM D790) at diferent infll densities (25, 50, and 70%) and fve diferent infll patterns. The obtained results proved that concentric infll pattern accompanied by 75% infll percentage achieved the most outstanding tensile and bending behavior. For compression testing, grid infll pattern accompanied by 75% infll percentage exhibits maximum compression properties. In overall, the octagram spiral infll pattern shows the weakest properties among all the infll patterns. The experimental results were further analyzed using response surface methodology to identify the efectiveness of studied parameters on mechanical properties and to derive a mathematical model. The derived mathematical models related to studied mechanical properties have been proposed to predict the desired mechanical properties with respect to the variation of infll patterns and percentages

The performance of beta type stirling engine using different fuel

Stirling engine categorized as external combustion engine which defined as a closed-cycle regenerative heat engine to perform the conversion of energy into the mechanical power. The thermal efficiency of the Stirling cycle always is the main criterion, and the literature showed its efficiency of energy conversion is consider relatively as high as the Carnot cycle. Although the Stirling engine consists of great versatility for energy sources, however still inadequate efforts were done for the development of the Stirling engine that is powered by combustion fuel, since generally the engine is fueled by renewable energy which is inapplicable by the public. Therefore, the objectives to fill up the research gaps are to simulate the operation condition of Beta type Stirling engine by manipulated the use of different fuels with the assistant of MATLAB then compared with the outcome of a reference model to validate the outcome and to acquire the optimum performance of the engine, and any index that brings a reputation for the development of the Stirling engine. Compression ratio, and the temperature of the heater that affected by the specifications of Stirling engine design and effective volume of the heater, respectively act as the major element that manipulated the final power output. A higher compression ratio of 18 and power output of 315.88 Watts can be obtained with smaller clearance between the engine primary components, besides the heater temperature that achieves 855.75 K and thermal efficiency of 64.93% is affected by the usage of appropriate combustion fuel as gasoline and bigger effective volume of the heater

Thermal stability and performance evaluation of hitec molten salt for high-temperature energy storage applications

The quest for advanced materials in thermal energy storage (TES) has become paramount in a world grappling with pressing demands for sustainable and reliable energy solutions. Among these materials, molten salts have emerged as up-and-coming contenders, owing to their exceptional thermal properties and wide operational temperature ranges. HITEC, a eutectic blend of sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, and potassium nitrate, distinguishes itself as a superior choice due to its unique amalgamation of favorable thermal characteristics. This comprehensive review delves into the thermal properties of HITEC molten salt and its manifold applications in thermal energy storage, illuminating its potential as a pivotal element in addressing contemporary global challenges. The review examines HITEC's specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and thermal stability, presenting critical insights into its efficacy as a TES medium. Such comprehension fosters the advancement of Sustainable Development Goal 7. The article explores strides made in HITEC-based TES systems, underscoring inventive engineering approaches and burgeoning technologies that bolster progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 9. Furthermore, the article discusses challenges associated with HITEC molten salts, such as corrosion and material compatibility issues, and investigates ongoing research efforts to overcome these limitations. A comparative evaluation of HITEC with other molten salt mixtures elucidates its competitive advantages. This review consolidates knowledge about HITEC molten salt for thermal energy storage applications, providing valuable perspectives for researchers, engineers, and policymakers dedicated to advancing sustainable energy technologies. The review underscores the pivotal role of HITEC molten salt in advancing thermal energy storage technologies, directly influencing the achievement of several SDGs

Prediction and Optimization of Thermophysical Properties of Hybrid Cellulose Nanocrystal-Copper (II) Oxide Nanolubricant for Tribology Application

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used in conjunction with the miscellaneous design model to identify prediction models for the thermophysical properties of a hybrid cellulose nanocrystal-copper (II) oxide nanolubricant. Minitab 18 statistical analysis software and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Design (CCD) were utilised to generate an empirical mathematical model investigating the effect of concentration and temperature. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to validate the significance of the developed empirical mathematical model. Thirteen experiments were conducted to obtain second-order polynomial equations for the desired specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and dynamic viscosity, outputs. The predicted values were found to be in reasonable agreement following the investigational finding. In addition, the models could predict more than 80% of the nanolubricant output variations, indicating that the model is accurate. In the optimization plot, the predicted optimal values for dynamic viscosity, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity are 2.3631, 0.1463, and 1.6311, respectively. The relevant parameters are 90 °C and 0.1 for temperature and concentration, respectively. The plotted composite is 0.6531. The findings of the percentage of absolute error (POAE) reveal that the model may precisely predict the optimum experimental parameters

Improving the thermophysical properties of hybrid nanocellulose-copper (II) oxide (CNC-CuO) as a lubricant additives: A novel nanolubricant for tribology application

The primary objective of the present analysis is to investigate the thermophysical properties of hybrid nanocellulose and copper (II) oxide nanoparticles added to engine oil as a lubricant for piston ring-cylinder liner application. Kinematic viscosity, viscosity index (VI) and dynamic viscosity have been performed for measurement of properties at varying temperatures (ranging from 30 °C to 90 °C) and different concentrations (ranging from 0.1 % to 0.9 % volume concentration). Thermal characteristics have been measured using similar temperatures and concentrations to determine thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity. In the results, as the concentration of the CNC-CuO nanoparticle increases, the VI also increases. This proves the combination of CNC-CuO particles with engine oil improves the lubricity of the base oil concerning its viscosity by 44.3 %-47.12 %. The lowest and highest improvements in the dynamic viscosity were 1.34 % and 74.81 %. The highest increment of thermal conductivity ratio for the selected nanolubricant was 1.80566 % in the solid concentration of 0.1 % at 90 °C. The specific heat capacity of nanolubricant tends to reduce slightly with an increase in temperature. Overall, the addition of CNC-CuO nanoparticle in the engine improved thermophysical properties behaviour's performance at 0.5 % concentration. The results can benefit the heat transfer application, especially tribological

Mxene enrich concentration solar power (CSP) coolant

The increasing effect of massive climate change due to greenhouse gas emission Main cost in CSP plant is the heat transfer fluid and thermal energy storage system Currently, most of the molten salt HTF works below 600 ℃, by increasing the boiling point will increase the efficiency of CSP system Good thermophysical properties – this is necessary to have efficient heat transfer during the HTF flows in the solar field block/heat exchange

Thermal properties of engine oils through the integration of graphene nanoparticles : A greener approach for sustainable mechanical systems

Tribology is a high demand mechanical system with friction and wear. Mechanical systems lose efficiency as a result. One answer for this issue is to utilize an oil that can limit contact and wear, bringing about improved effectiveness. The advancement of effective lubricating added substances for tribological properties improvement and improved thermal conductivity has gotten huge modern and scholarly consideration. By and large, nano-sized particles scattered in lubricants, referred to as nano-based lubricant, are utilized in mechanical structures to lessen heat and forces of frictions. Moreover, new guidelines will empower the utilization of greener lubrication advancements in oils. To resolve this issue, lubricants should satisfy guidelines while able to give exceptional oil characteristics. As another green material, this research will investigate the dissolving of Graphene nanoparticles in lubricants. The objective of this study is to perceive what Graphene added 10W40 motor oil means for the thermal properties and tribological characteristics. Graphene, which was added to 10W40 lubricant, was used to study the best design. Graphene nanoparticles were distributed in baseline engine oil in a two-step process. In the preparation of Graphene-based motor oil with a low volume mixture in the scope of 0.01% to 0.07% was used. Thermal conductivity and viscosity are estimated for all volume mixtures. Testing uncovered that Graphene added 10W40 motor oil were steady all through the review, with very little deposits in the following 30 days. The thermal conductivity of Graphene in SAE 40 motor oil expanded as the volume mixture is added