A proposed Mathematical Expression for Computer Design of Electrostatic Mirror

A computational investigation has been carried out on the design and properties of the electrostatic mirror. In this research, we suggest a mathematical expression to represent the axial potential of an electrostatic mirror. The electron beam path under zero magnification condition had been investigated as mirror trajectory with the aid of fourth – order – Runge – Kutta method. The spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients of mirror has computed and normalized in terms of the focal length. The choice of the mirror depends on the operational requirements, i.e. each optical element in optical system has suffer from the chromatic aberration, for this case, it is use to operate the mirror in optical system at various values of chromatic aberration to correct it in that system

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SINGLE-PATH AND MULTIPATH MANETS ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR DENSE AND SPARSE TOPOLOGY

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a multi-hop wireless network in which fixed infrastructure is not used. A single-path routing protocol is mainly proposed as a single route from source node to destination node, while a multipath routing protocol uses multiple routes from the source to the destination node. This paper evaluates the performance of single-path routing protocols which are Cluster Based Routing Protocol (CBRP) and Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) along with a multipath routing protocol which is Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector routing (AOMDV) in MANET environments with varying node densities (Dense and Sparse). Network Simulator (NS2) was used to evaluate the performance of these routing protocols. Our experimental simulation results show that: AOMDV protocol is better than AODV and CBRP in terms of Delay for both Dense and Sparse topologies with variant traffic sources, whereas AODV is better than CBRP and AOMDV in terms of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) with all traffic sources in Sparse topology

Detection of Quinolones Resistant among Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated From Clinical Specimens

The study was conducted through a period from November 2015 to may 2016, a total of 316 samples from various clinical cases of different patients were randomly collected and examined for detection of Gram negative bacteria .These clinical samples included wound swabs, burn swabs, ear swabs, sputum samples, stool, all collected samples were screened for presence of Gram negative bacteria by culturing on appropriate media and 94 Gram negative bacteria were identified via biochemical tests and confirmed by API 20E system. Overall, qnr-genes )quinolones resistance genes( were detected by multiplex PCR technique in 28/94 (29.78%) of all clinical isolates. However, the results showed that quinolones-resistance genes gave 25 positive results for qnrB, while 9 positive results for qnrS, but qnrA gene was not detected in any of the clinical isolates. Keywords: Gram negative bacteria, Antibiotics and qnr gene

Preparation of Graphene Oxide from Expanded Graphite at Different Microwave Heating Times

Exfoliated graphite (EG)  was prepared by mixing graphite with HNO3 and KMnO4 at weight ratio 1:2:1 using microwave heating at times 20, 60, 80 and 120 sec. Graphene  oxide (GO) was then prepared using EG as precursor by the modified Hummer’s method. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses  showed successful conversion of EG into GO. The XRD results of the GO showed that the maximum interplanar distance (d-spacing) increased from 0.344 to 0.831 nm. The AFM showed a minimum thickness of  0.519 nm for a single layer of GO prepared from EG 80 sec. The XRD examination also showed an increase in the d-spacing between the GO layers after sonication compared to before sonication

A comparative study of the lipid panel levels at different duration time and temperature storage

Background: the stability of serum specimen during time storage is importance in clinical and medical science researches in addition of diagnosis. Lipids are organic molecules that classified into 8 classes: fatty acids, phospholipids, glycerolipids, saccharolipids, polyketides, prenol lipids, sterol, and sphingolipids. Lipid analysis (cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein) is a vital tool for diagnosis of numerous disease such as cardiovascular disease. follow-up the lipid profile progression is essential of numerous diseases. Methods: a 72 apparently healthy individual were participated in current study the serum sample was taken after 12-14 hours of fasting. The serum cholesterol, triglyceride, high density cholesterol, low density cholesterol, and very low-density cholesterol were determined. Results: there are no significant value found in all groups when compared to control except triglyceride that was significant after 24 hours of freezing.Comment: 7 page, 1 table, 1 figur

A summary of artificial lift failure, remedies and run life improvements in conventional and unconventional wells.

Artificial lift (AL) systems are crucial for enhancing oil and gas production from reservoirs. However, the failure of these systems can lead to significant losses in production and revenue. This paper explores the different types of AL failures and the causes behind them. The article discusses the traditional methods of identifying and mitigating these failures and highlights the need for new designs and technologies to improve the run life of AL systems. Advances in AL system design and materials, as well as new methods for monitoring and predicting failures using data analytics and machine learning techniques, have been discussed. The findings of this work provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in the development of more reliable and efficient AL systems

Effect of the thickness on the optical properties of nanostructure CuS thin films

At this work, nanostructure copper sulfide (CuS) thin films at different temperature of substrate and thickness (120,200,750) nm have been acquired by chemical spray pyrolysis method. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements of all films appeared polycrystalline structure and possessed a hexagonal phase with strong crystalline orientation (103) with crystal size equals approximately 80 nm by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The linear optical measurements showed that nanostructure CuS thin films have direct energy gap. The energy gap was decreased with increasing thin films thickness. Nonlinear optical properties experiments were performed using Q-switched 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser Z-scan system. The nonlinear refractive index (n2) and nonlinear absorption coefficient (?) were estimated at different thicknesses of nanostructure CuS thin films for different intensities of laser. n2 and ? were decreased with increasing intensity of incident laser beam . Also they were reduced with increasing the nanostructure CuS thin films thicknesses. Also the type of ? were two and three photon absorption , type of n2 were positive nonlinear reflective index and n2 were self-focusing nonlinear refractive index  for all samples

Design of a microwave based mobile thermo-chemical unit for biomedical waste treatment

Biomedical waste (BMW) contains pathogenic microorganisms that may severely harm the community and environment. Due to the Covid pandemic-2019, isolated wards at health care units and even due to the home treated patients; vast quantities of BMW are generated. Covid-19 converts even ordinary waste such as gloves, testing kits, and personal protective equipment into high-risk BMW. The appropriate disposal of such waste involves safety, affordability, and efficacy; hence can be considered a complex issue. A solution proposed in this article is an OSBMWTU (on-site biomedical waste treatment unit) by using microwave radiation. The possibility of enhancing the thermal effect of microwave radiation by using chemical additives was tested. The proposed machine reduces waste volume, inactivates microorganisms, and disposes BMW on-site. Findings suggest that adding butter spray to microwave radiation enhances thermal effectiveness by 43%, increasing treatment temperature while minimizing time, power, and running costs. The proposed machine will work automatically after filling the BMW, thus, minimizing the human involvement. It prevents bio-hazardous waste accumulation and decreases its volume by up to 80%. The designed machine is characterized by safety, low cost, and small dimensions. A machine that can handle 72 kg BMW/day can be set up on-site in an area of 1.5 m2. The suggestion of the proposed machine as a BMW management and treatment system will reduce environmental pollution due to BMW during COVID-19 and even after the pandemic

Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs related to drugs among Pahang Matriculation students in Malaysia

Introduction Drug abuse has been a global threat not only in Malaysia but worldwide, especially among adolescents. This is alarming issue had been a serious public health problem worldwide. The aim of the study is to access the knowledge and attitude on drug abuse among Pahang Matriculation students in 2016. Methods A cross¬-sectional study was conducted involving 217 matriculation students. A self-determined questionnaire was distributed among the students regarding knowledge and attitude about drugs. Results The prevalence of good knowledge on drug abuse was (82.03%). The prevalence of students’ attitude on drug abuse has higher number of good attitude with the sum of 182 (83.9 %). Only gender showed a significant association with students’ knowledge (P= 0.046). Conclusion The knowledge, attitude, and practice of drug abuse among Pahang Matriculation students are good

Factors influencing the electronic government adoption among PSM in Oman: A structural equation modeling approach

The dynamic movement of electronic government (e-government) needs a clear pathway on the adoption level of stakeholders within the public sector organization. This research has identified gaps in the movement of the adoption. The respondents comprised 237 public sector managers at the ministry level who conduct e-government services in the Sultanate of Oman. A questionnaire was designed to tap into the manager's perception of the Internet's Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Credibility of technology, Intention to use the technology, and adoption of the Internet itself. Seven hypothesized relationships were tested in the structural model. An advanced quantitative data analysis using multivariate data analysis was employed. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the causal and mediating effects of latent variables. Based on the research, the hypothesized model fit fails to be supported (p<.05). The findings support the TAM theory extremely well, whereby, all the hypothesized paths were asserted. The generated model found three significant direct paths between Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Credibility, and intention as well as between intention and adoption