16 research outputs found
Amino Acid Compositions of 27 Food Fishes and Their Importance in Clinical Nutrition
Proteins and amino acids are important biomolecules which regulate key metabolic pathways and serve as precursors for synthesis
of biologically important substances; moreover, amino acids are building blocks of proteins. Fish is an important dietary source of
quality animal proteins and amino acids and play important role in human nutrition. In the present investigation, crude protein
content and amino acid compositions of important food fishes from different habitats have been studied. Crude protein content
was determined by Kjeldahl method and amino acid composition was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and
information on 27 food fishes was generated. The analysis showed that the cold water species are rich in lysine and aspartic acid,
marine fishes in leucine, small indigenous fishes in histidine, and the carps and catfishes in glutamic acid and glycine. The enriched
nutrition knowledge base would enhance the utility of fish as a source of quality animal proteins and amino acids and aid in their
inclusion in dietary counseling and patient guidance for specific nutritional needs
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Not AvailableFish is a healthy food, rich in quality animal proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids especially the omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and micronutrients. In addition, fish are more available and affordable than other sources of animal proteins in tropical countries. Aquaculture, which is one of the fastest growing food production sectors, could play a big role in eradicating hunger, malnutrition and nutrient-deprivation globally. However, nutritional information on fish is necessary for utilization of fish in achieving nutritional security and will be helpful in prioritizing species for aquaculture. In this context, we have studied the detailed nutritional composition of selected fishes from India and developed a database (http://www.cifri.res.in/nutrifishin/index.php) with the food data generated. This review explore the implications of such nutritional information in consumer guidance, dietary counselling, food-policy planning and prioritization of species for aquaculture to fight hunger, malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency; ultimately contributing to food and nutritional security.Not Availabl
Suitable reference gene for quantitative real-time PCR analysis of gene expression in gonadal tissues of minnow Puntius sophore under high-temperature stress
Abstract Background High ambient temperature is known to affect fish gonadal development and physiology in a variety of ways depending on the severity and duration of exposure; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Gonadal gene expression influence the gonadal development, physiology and the quality of egg/sperm produced in teleosts and the mechanistic understanding of spatio-temporal changes in the gonadal gene expression could be instrumental in controlling the fate of egg/sperm and the quality of seed produced. Real time-quantititative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qCR), is a high throughput, sensitive and reproducible methodology used for understanding gene expression patterns by measuring the relative abundance of mRNA transcripts. However, its accuracy relies upon a suitable reference gene whose expression levels remain stable across various experimental conditions. In the present study, we evaluated the suitability of ten potential reference genes to be used as internal controls in RT-qPCR analysis in gonadal tissues (ovary and testis) of minnow Puntius sophore exposed to high temperature stress for different time periods (7 days, 60 days). Expression analysis of ten different constitutively expressed genes viz. 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA), beta actin (βactin), β-2 microglobulin (b2mg), eukaryotic elongation factor-1 (eef1), glyceraldehyde-3phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd), ribosomal binding protein L13 (rpl13), tubulin (tub), tata box binding protein (tbp), ubiquitin (ubi) was carried out by using RT-qPCR and the stability in their expressions were evaluated by using four different algorithms; namely, delta Ct, BestKeeper, geNorm and NormFinder. Results In ovary, eef1 was found to be the most suitable reference gene in all the algorithms used. In testis, b2mg was found to be the most suitable reference gene in delta Ct, BestKeeper, NormFinder analysis while tbp and eef1 were found to be the most suitable reference genes in geNorm analysis. Conclusions In conclusion, eef1 and b2mg were found to be the most suitable reference genes in ovary and testis, respectively, of Puntius sophore exposed to high temperature stress, and could be used as internal controls for gene expression analysis in gonadal tissues of Puntius sophore
Investigating hsp Gene Expression in Liver of Channa striatus under Heat Stress for Understanding the Upper Thermal Acclimation
Changes in hsp gene expression profiles in murrel Channa striatus experimentally exposed to temperature stress (36°C) for 4, 15, and 30 days were investigated; fish collected from aquaculture ponds and maintained in laboratory at the pond temperature (25 ± 1°C) served as control. Channa collected from a hot spring runoff (36°C) was included in the study to examine the hsp profiles beyond 30 days of exposure. Gene expression analyses of a battery of hsps in liver tissues were carried out by quantitative RT-PCR and protein expressions were analyzed by immunoblotting. hsps could be grouped into three clusters based on similarity in response to heat stress: hsp70, hsp78, and hsp60, whose transcript level continued to increase with duration of exposure; hsp90 and hsp110 that increased to a much higher level and then decreased; hsp27 and hsp47 that did not significantly vary as compared to control. The results suggest that Hsp70, Hsp78, and Hsp60 are involved in thermal acclimation and long term survival at high temperature. Fish living in the hot spring runoff appears to continuously express hsps that can be approximated by long term induction of hsps in farmed fish if temperature of their environment is raised to 36°C
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Not AvailablePolyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) consumption is known to be associated with a number of health benefits and fish oils, especially marine, are rich in PUFAs. Tenualosa ilisha, a highly preferred food fish in South-Asian countries, is rich in oils; however, information on fatty acid profiles of different size-groups of hilsa is scanty. In the present investigation, information on fatty acid profiles of different size groups of hilsa has been generated. Analysis showed that medium-sized fish contained the highest amount of unsaturated fatty acids as well as ω-3 PUFAs, EPA plus DHA and the lowest amount of saturated fatty acids (SFAs). PUFA content was highest in small-sized hilsa; however, ω-3 PUFA content was lower and SFAs content was higher than medium-sized fish. In large-sized fish, although ω-3/ω-6 ratio was highest, quantitatively they contained the lowest amount of PUFAs and highest amount of SFAs. Thus, on basis of fatty acid profiles, medium-sized hilsa is the best followed by the small-sized fish for human health and nutrition.Not Availabl
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Rhizoctonia solani Isolates Identifies the Differentially Expressed Proteins with Roles in Virulence
Sheath blight of rice is a destructive disease that could be calamitous to rice cultivation. The significant objective of this study is to contemplate the proteomic analysis of the high virulent and less virulent isolate of Rhizoctonia solani using a quantitative LC-MS/MS-based proteomic approach to identify the differentially expressed proteins promoting higher virulence. Across several rice-growing regions in Odisha, Eastern India, 58 Rhizoctonia isolates were obtained. All the isolates varied in their pathogenicity. The isolate RS15 was found to be the most virulent and RS22 was identified as the least virulent. The PCR amplification confirmed that the RS15 and RS22 belonged to the Rhizoctonia subgroup of AG1-IA with a specific primer. The proteomic information generated has been deposited in the PRIDE database with PXD023430. The virulent isolate consisted of 48 differentially abundant proteins, out of which 27 proteins had higher abundance, while 21 proteins had lower abundance. The analyzed proteins acquired functionality in fungal development, sporulation, morphology, pathogenicity, detoxification, antifungal activity, essential metabolism and transcriptional activities, protein biosynthesis, glycolysis, phosphorylation and catalytic activities in fungi. A Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate changes in differentially expressed proteins at the mRNA level for selected genes. The abundances of proteins and transcripts were positively correlated. This study provides the role of the proteome in the pathogenicity of R. solani AG1-IA in rice and underpins the mechanism behind the pathogen’s virulence in causing sheath blight disease
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Not AvailableIn this study, we evaluated the efcacy of Bacillus strains for plant growth promotional activities under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The results indicated that Bacillus megaterium BS11 was superior in enhancing the plant growth and yield of rice plants compared to other Bacillus strains. Currently, there is no information available on the molecular mechanism of Rice–B. megaterium interaction for plant growth promotion. Thus, the present study was undertaken to understand the molecular basis of Rice–B. megaterium interaction at the proteome level using the two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) approach. Proteomic results revealed that a total of 17 proteins were diferentially expressed in response to BS11 inoculation. The application of BS11 up-regulated most of the identifed proteins involved in plant metabolism, transcription,
transporter, signaling, defense, and stress responses, which may underlie the improvement of rice plant growth. Furthermore, the proteomic results were validated at the mRNA level by Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR) analysis. The abundances of proteins and transcripts were positively correlated for all genes except LOC_Os01g68620. Overall, our results suggest that B. megaterium strain BS11 may promote plant growth by improving various metabolism in rice plants.Not Availabl
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Not AvailableSheath blight of rice is a destructive disease that could be calamitous to rice cultivation. The
significant objective of this study is to contemplate the proteomic analysis of the high virulent and
less virulent isolate of Rhizoctonia solani using a quantitative LC-MS/MS-based proteomic approach to
identify the differentially expressed proteins promoting higher virulence. Across several rice-growing
regions in Odisha, Eastern India, 58 Rhizoctonia isolates were obtained. All the isolates varied in their
pathogenicity. The isolate RS15 was found to be the most virulent and RS22 was identified as the
least virulent. The PCR amplification confirmed that the RS15 and RS22 belonged to the Rhizoctonia
subgroup of AG1-IA with a specific primer. The proteomic information generated has been deposited
in the PRIDE database with PXD023430. The virulent isolate consisted of 48 differentially abundant
proteins, out of which 27 proteins had higher abundance, while 21 proteins had lower abundance.
The analyzed proteins acquired functionality in fungal development, sporulation, morphology,
pathogenicity, detoxification, antifungal activity, essential metabolism and transcriptional activities,
protein biosynthesis, glycolysis, phosphorylation and catalytic activities in fungi. A Quantitative
Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate changes in differentially expressed proteins at the
mRNA level for selected genes. The abundances of proteins and transcripts were positively correlated.
This study provides the role of the proteome in the pathogenicity of R. solani AG1-IA in rice and
underpins the mechanism behind the pathogen’s virulence in causing sheath blight disease.Not Availabl
Micronutrient Composition of 35 Food Fishes from India and Their Significance in Human Nutrition
The micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) are required in small amounts but are
essential for health, development, and growth. Micronutrient deficiencies, which affect
over two billion people around the globe, are the leading cause of many ailments
including mental retardation, preventable blindness, and death during childbirth. Fish is
an important dietary source of micronutrients and play important role in human
nutrition. In the present investigation, micronutrient composition of 35 food fishes
(includes both finfishes and shellfishes) was investigated from varying aquatic habitats.
Macrominerals (Na, K, Ca, Mg), trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Se) were determined
by either atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) or inductively coupled plasma- mass
spectrometry (ICP-MS) / atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Phosphorus
content was determined either spectrophotometrically or by ICP-AES. Fat soluble
vitamins (A, D, E, K) were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC). The analysis showed that, in general, the marine fishes were rich in sodium
and potassium, small indigenous fishes (SIFs) in calcium, iron and manganese,
coldwater fishes in selenium and the brackishwater fishes in phosphorous. The marine
fishes S. longiceps and Epinephelus Spp and the SIFs were rich in all fat soluble
vitamins. All these recommendations were made according to the potential contribution
(Daily value %) of that species to the recommended daily allowance (RDA) for that
nutrient. Information on the micronutrients generated would enhance the utility of fish in
both community as well as clinical nutrition