Clinical, direct microscopic and Wood’s lamp examination features of <i>tinea capitis</i> lesions according to the identified dermatophyte species and non-dermatophyte filamentous fungus.

<p>Clinical, direct microscopic and Wood’s lamp examination features of <i>tinea capitis</i> lesions according to the identified dermatophyte species and non-dermatophyte filamentous fungus.</p

Distribution of Th2R haplotypes across seasons, age groups, and clinical and non-clinical <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> infections.

<p>The prevalence of each unique Th2R haplotype that was present in at least 10% of all 454 reads of a given sample was calculated and stratified by the malaria transmission season in which they were collected, by three age groups (age≤5, age 6–10, and age≥11), and whether or not they were derived from samples that came from clinical vs. asymptomatic infections. Haplotype distributions did not vary significantly by age group, study year, or presence of clinical symptom for either Th2R or Th3R, with the exception of the 3D7 haplotype, which had a significantly greater prevalence in the oldest age group compared to the youngest age group (p<0.03).</p

Association between change in the predominant amino at a polymorphic site and the odds of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> clinical disease.

<p>The odds of a change in the predominant amino acid at polymorphic residues in intervals including an asymptomatic episode followed by a symptomatic one, compared to intervals including consecutive asymptomatic episodes was calculated in a logistic regression model.</p

Study sites.

<p>Location of three study sites and the isohyets (mm/year) separating the Sahelian, Sudanian and Sudano-Guinean eco-climatic zones in Mali.</p

Demographic, clinical and mycological features of the 590 children that participated in the study grouped by eco-climatic zones in Mali.

<p>Demographic, clinical and mycological features of the 590 children that participated in the study grouped by eco-climatic zones in Mali.</p

Univariate and multivariate unconditional logistic regression analyses of the <i>tinea capitis</i> risk factors identified in this population.

<p>Univariate and multivariate unconditional logistic regression analyses of the <i>tinea capitis</i> risk factors identified in this population.</p

Clinical presentation and mycological features of non-<i>tinea capitis</i> dermatophytosis according to eco-climatic zones in Mali.

<p>Clinical presentation and mycological features of non-<i>tinea capitis</i> dermatophytosis according to eco-climatic zones in Mali.</p

Repeat region haplotype prevalences.

<p>The prevalence of each unique repeat region haplotype that was detected by direct sequencing of ‘single clone’ (no secondary allele present in a frequency greater than 20% in 454 reads) with respect to Th2R and Th3R was calculated.</p

<i>Tinea capitis</i> clinical presentation.

<p>(A) Trichophytic presentation with diffuse relatively small scalp lesions, mainly involving <i>Trichophyton soudanense</i>. (B) Microsporic presentation with relatively large and scarce lesions, mainly involving <i>Microsporum audouinii</i>.</p

Association between change in the predominant amino at a polymorphic site and the hazard of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> clinical disease.

<p>The association between changes at polymorphic sites in Th2R and Th3R which occurred between consecutive clinical episodes and the hazard of clinical disease was calculated using a Cox proportional hazards model. To account for the possibility of treatment failure and to allow for time for allele-specific antibodies to the first of two paired consecutive infections to be present by the time of the second infection, time intervals two weeks or less between consecutive episodes were excluded from the analyses. No significant association between changes at polymorphic sites in Th2R and Th3R which occurred between a clinical episode and a consecutive asymptomatic infection and the hazard of clinical disease was found. Asterisks denote polymorphic amino acid positions that lacked power to detect a hazard ratio below 1.51.</p