Short term settlement of footing on snow foundation

"A constitutive theory for snow, developed by the authors, is applied to solve for the short-term settlement of footing on snow foundation. The constitutive law used is a microstructurally-based formulation which includes the effects of bond deformation and fracture. It also includes transient creep effects and strain hardening of snow. The foundation problem is solved for stress and displacement distribution, with two different loads of 0.008 MPa and 0.1 MPa distributed uniformly over a part of the top face. The stress distribution matches closely with the existing theoretical results

Improving Reliability of Distributed Storage by Anomaly Detection Using Machine Learning and Autonomous Data Healing

Maintaining data integrity and reliability in distributed storage systems is a complex and important challenge. Distributed storage systems are susceptible to various issues, such as data corruption, data loss, and data inconsistencies, arising from hardware failures, network disruptions, software defects, synchronization errors, security breaches, etc. Current techniques such as redundant storage devices, use of erasure coding, data snapshots/backup, etc. are reactive and cannot address data integrity issues before they manifest or at an early stage. Costly manual intervention is necessary to mitigate data integrity issues but can cause delays or introduce errors. This disclosure describes the use of machine learning based anomaly detection techniques and of symbolic links to provide a proactive, self-healing data management system. The described techniques actively monitor for signs of data integrity issues and autonomously initiate corrective actions. Such actions can include actions related to data restoration, corruption correction, or access rerouting. This approach not only addresses data corruption after it occurs but also aims to predict and prevent potential issues before they impact the system, filling a critical gap in current data management practices

Automated Dynamic Adaptive Storage, Management, and Retrieval of Time-Series Data

While raw time-series data can support various temporal analyses, such analyses are limited by the available data resolution. Storing data at the highest resolution is infeasible with data volumes. Also, computationally expensive data aggregation is necessary to serve query responses. While manual scripts can be used to adjust data resolution, this approach is tedious and not scalable. This disclosure describes techniques that use symbolic links for automatically adjusting the resolutions of time-series data in real-time based on application needs and resource availability and performance. Automatic preemptive adjustment is performed by predicting and optimizing the appropriate data resolution with machine learning models trained on historical query patterns and trends. Symbolic links to data stored at the suitable resolution(s) are provided. To serve a query response, the symbolic links are used to retrieve the data from the appropriate data store. The described techniques can be applied broadly for the storage and analysis of heterogeneous time-series data. Implementation of the techniques can optimize query handling performance, reduce computational and storage overhead, enhance scalability in adapting to changing analytical demands, and simplify overall data management for databases and applications that involve time-series data

Finite element modeling of snow-pack lying on a slope, considering snow as isotropic compressible viscoplastic media

A simple extension of the von Mises plasticity is proposed in which the equivalent stress is defined as a function of deviatoric and hydrostatic stresses. Non-linearity is accounted by extending NortonHoff equation for incompressible material to snow, a porous material. For developing a multi-axial constitutive equation a complementary viscoplastic potential, expressed as a function of the equivalent stress tensor, is introduced. With this potential the strain-rate tensor is obtained. Coefficients of the constitutive equation were computed with the help of experimental data. This constitutive equation is utilized to investigate the stress and velocity distribution in a snow-pack with a weak layer on a uniform slope. This weak layer has a super weak zone, responsible for initiating avalanches. Self-weight of snow is the only external force being considered. The finite-element code, based upon a plane-strain idealization, is used. Linear constitutive equation is used to give an initial guess as Newton-Raphson method has been employed for solving the system of non-linear equations. For non-linear case convergence criterion is implemented for both unknown velocities and residual forces. The effects of super-weak zone, thickness of weak layer and length of snow slab on shear stresses and deformation rates have been studied

Two Wheeler Helmets with Ventilation and Metal Foam

Three different two wheeler helmets were studied to investigate their dynamic performance.First is helmet with ABS shell, second is helmet with metal foam, and third is helmet with singlegroove in the liner foam for providing ventilation. Front and side impact analyses were carriedout at 10 m/s velocity by using LS-DYNATM. Forces on the helmet and on the head due to impactwere studied with function of time. Pressure and stresses in the brain were investigated andfound not to change significantly due to the presence of groove in the liner foam, which wasprovided to improve the ventilation in helmets. The dynamic performance of a helmet with outershell as metal foam was examined and compared with ABS material

Histopathological Spectrum of various gastroduodenal lesions in North India and prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in these lesions: a prospective study

Background: Gastroduodenal diseases are perhaps the commonest diseases in adult population worldwide. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) represent one of the most common gastroduodenal infections and have been established as the etiologic factor in the development of various gastroduodenal diseases. Spectrum of H. pylori associated gastroduodenal diseases have not been systematically investigated in North India. So this study was carried out to determine the spectrum of gastroduodenal lesions on upper Gastro-Intestinal (GI) endoscopic biopsies and to determine the prevalence of H. pylori in gastric mucosa in these lesions.Methods: Gastroduodenal mucosal biopsies of 100 patients from November 2012 to October 2013 in a tertiary care centre in north India were evaluated by routine histopathological methods and the presence of H. pylori in gastric mucosa in these lesions was determined.  Results: An age range of 17 years to 80 years was observed with maximum cases in the 4th decade and a male to female ratio of 1.86:1. The most frequently observed lesions were chronic gastritis followed by duodenitis, duodenal ulcer and gastric carcinoma. 5% cases showed unremarkable mucosa. H. pylori positivity was seen in 47% cases. 80% cases of duodenal ulcer, 68.75% cases of duodenitis, 50.56% cases of chronic gastritis, 50% cases of gastric ulcer & 40% cases of gastric carcinoma were positive for H. pylori infection.Conclusion: Endoscopic gastroduodenal biopsies help to detect benign and malignant gastroduodenal diseases and to rule out H. pylori infection. Chronic gastritis was the most common gastroduodenal lesion followed by duodenitis, duodenal ulcer and gastric carcinoma. Duodenal ulcer, duodenitis, chronic gastritis and gastric ulcer showed strong positivity for H. pylori highlighting the role of this microorganism in the pathogenesis of these diseases.

Evaluation of efficacy of septic screen in diagnosis of early onset sepsis

Background: Clinical features of sepsis are non-specific in all neonates and a high index of suspicion is required for the timely diagnosis of sepsis. Although blood culture is the gold standard for the diagnosis of sepsis, reports are available after 48-72 h. Therefore, a practical septic screen for the diagnosis of sepsis is needed. Objectives: To study the maternal and neonatal risk factors for early onset neonatal sepsis and to evaluate the efficacy of septic screen in diagnosis of same. Methods: Total 51 inborn were selected on basis of presence of maternal and neonatal risk factors, clinical features consistent with infection. The following investigations were done: Total leukocyte count, absolute neutrophil count, immature/total Neutrophil (I/T) ratio, haematocrit, platelet count, C-reactive protein (CRP) (after 6 h), gastric lavage, Micro erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), chest X-ray (after 6 h). Blood culture was sent for any neonate with septic screen positive or those developing clinical sepsis within 72 h of birth and were correlated with the gold standard test (BACTEC). Results: Our study consisted of 51 inborn babies with 61% males and 39% females, 41% preterm <37 weeks of gestation and 59% term, 64.7% low birth weight <2500 g and 33% with history of premature rupture of membrane (PROM). Amongst 51 babies, 41.2% had leucocytosis, 15.7% with leucopenia, 21.6% had thrombocytopenia and 23.9% had anaemia. 86.3% had abnormal CRP, 33.3% had abnormal Micro ESR, and 54.9% had abnormal I/T ratio. Out of 51 babies, 17 (33.3%) were culture positive. Out of 17 culture proven sepsis, 64.7% were preterm, 88.8% were LBW <2500 g and 64.7% had history of PROM. Out of 17 culture proven cases, 75% had leucopenia, 70% had abnormal I/T ratio. 58.8% had abnormal Micro ESR, 86% were CRP positive which suggest that leucopenia, CRP and Micro ESR are good septic screen markers. Gastric aspirate is less significant. Conclusion: PROM, prematurity and low birth weight, especially, very low birth weight are the common high risk factors for early onset sepsis. Amongst septic profile, leucopenia, CRP and Micro ESR are associated with culture proven sepsis

Management of sobbing tot in a pediatric dental office: A review

The most common way by which child expresses fear and anxiety is by crying at dental office. Proper knowledge and understanding are required to deliver effective dental treatment to a child by the application of various behavioral management techniques. Treating a crying child is one of the most demanding and tiring situations encountered in dentistry. Behavior management in a crying child is a continuum interaction with the child, directed toward communication and education in an endeavor, to allay anxiety and fear and to promote understanding of good oral health and the process by which it is achieved. This article was aimed to review the various reasons for stimulation of cry of the child in the dental office and behavior techniques employed by the dentist for proper management of the child