Role of Scaffold\u27s Biocompatibility in Influencing Comminuted Fracture Healing in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Introduction.The use of bone graft is still debatable for treating comminuted fracture. Autograft is the gold standardof bone graft. However, it has a limitation in supply. Therefore, the use of other source of graft (allograft, xenograft,or synthetic) is increasing. Graft must have good biocompatibility in order to enhance fracture healing.Materials and methods.Randomized post test only control group was conducted in 30 Sprague-Dawley rats inorder to evaluate biocompatibility of the scaffold. We used hidroxyapatite (HA)-Bongros®, nanocrystalline (HA)-CaSO4 (Perossal®), nanocrystalline HA (Ostim®), morselized bovine xenograft (BATAN), dan local HA from dr.Sutomo Hospital as the scaffold. Tissue reaction (foreign body giant cell (FBGC) and lymphocyte), radiological andhistological score was evaluated at 8th weeks.Results. The amount of FBGC and histological score showed significant difference (p=0,003 and p=0,013). LocalHA scaffold showed the most FBGC accumulation. There was no significant difference in the amount of lymphocyte(p=0,397) and radiological score (p=0,204 for antero-posterior projection and p=0,506 for medio-lateral projection).There was significant correlation between the amount of foreign body giant cell and histological score (p=0,034).Conclusions.Both physical and chemical factor influenced biocompatibility of scaffold. Scaffolds that have poresshowed better histological score compared to that has none. Chemical compound of the scaffold play important rolein tissue reaction. The amount of FBGC showed the cytotoxic level of the scaffold