A nucleosome-free dG-dC-rich sequence element promotes constitutive transcription of the essential yeast RIO1 gene

RIO1 is an essential gene that encodes a protein serine kinase and is transcribed constitutively at a very low level. Transcriptional activation of RIO1 dispenses with a canonical TATA box as well as with classical transactivators or specific DNAbinding factors. Instead, a dGdCrich sequence element, that is located 40 to 48 bp upstream the single site of mRNA initiation, is essential and presumably constitutes the basal promoter. In addition, we demonstrate here that this promoter element comprises a nucleosomefree gap which is centered at the dGdC tract and flanked by two positioned nucleosomes. This element is both, necessary and sufficient, for basal transcription initiation at the RIO1 promoter and, thus, constitutes a novel type of core promoter element

Emergency department asthma: Compliance with an evidence-based management algorithm

Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore314419-424AAMS

From ICU to emergency department: 9-year experience with non-invasive ventilation for COPD

Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine213140-147HKJE

Isolation of Japanese encephalitis virus from mosquitoes collected in Sabak Bernam, Selangor, Malaysia in 1992

Detection and isolation of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus were attempted from female mosquitoes collected in Kampong Pasir Panjang, Sabak Bernam, Selangor, from May to November 1992. A total of 7,400 mosquitoes consisting of 12 species in 148 pools were processed and inoculated into Aedes albopictus clone C6/36 cell cultures. Of these, 26 pools showed the presence of viral antigens in the infected C6/36 cells by specific immunoperoxidase staining using an anti-JE virus polyclonal antibody. Presence of JE virus genome was confirmed in the infected culture fluid for 16 pools by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and JE virus-specific primers. Of these, 3 pools were from Culex tritaeniorhynchus, 4 from Culex vishnui, 3 from Culex bitaeniorhynchus, 2 from Culex sitiens, one from Aedes species, and 3 from Culex species. Isolation of JE virus from Cx. sitiens, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, and Aedes sp. (Aedes butleri and Ae. albopictus) is reported for the first time in Malaysia

Characterization of sleep need dissipation using EEG based slow-wave activity analysis in two age groups

Item does not contain fulltextIntroduction: In the two-process model of sleep regulation, slow-wave activity (SWA, EEG power in the 0.5–4 Hz band) is a direct indicator of sleep need. SWA builds up during NREM sleep, declines before the onset of REM sleep, remains low during REM and the level of increase in successive NREM episodes gets progressively lower. The sleep regulation model of Borbely et al, 1999, states that the rate of decrease in sleep need S(t) is proportional to SWA, i.e. dS(t)/dt =-γSWA(t) where γ is the decay rate. The sleep need after T minutes of sleep is: S(T)=S0-γCSWA(T), where S0 is the sleep need at sleep-onset and CSWA(T) is the integral of SWA from sleep onset to time T. The goal in this research is to assess the effect of age on the dynamics of sleep need dissipation. Methods: Sleep EEG and EOG data were collected from 25 subjects (10M and 15F; 37.1 ± 6.5 years old) for 3 nights at home. The data was manually scored into sleep stages according to AASM rules. SWA was calculated for each 6-second epoch of NREM sleep. In this model, sleep need dissipation is completely determined by S0 and γ. To estimate these, two boundary conditions were used: 1) the final value of S(t) is 0, and 2) S(t*) coincides with SWA(t*) at time t* where SWA is maximum in the first sleep cycle. Results: Two age groups were defined using as threshold the median age (38) of subjects in the study. S0 did not significantly differ between groups while γ was significantly different (γ group1=2.82 and γ group2=2.12; p=0.006). These results suggest that the efficiency of sleep need dissipation significantly decreases in the older group by 25%. Conclusion: The rate of sleep need dissipation is proportional to slow wave activity. The proportionality coefficient γ (decay rate) can be estimated using a differential model. It was found that γ is significantly lower, by 25%, in the age group 38 to 47 as compared to the age group 22 to 38. The initial sleep need did not differ between groups.1 p

Neuropeptide Y associated with asthma in young adults

10.1016/j.npep.2016.07.003NEUROPEPTIDES59117-121UNITED KINGDO