Dietary patterns and lifestyle of patients with myocardial infarction

Civilization diseases, including cardiovascular, are major health problems in current modern society. Numerous studies provided sufficient evidence that variety of risk factors are involved in cardiovascular diseases formation. Of the most important is the lifestyle that largely contributes to our health, up to 50 - 60%. Lifestyle includes all modifiable risk factors that together affect the development of these diseases. In our study we searched and evaluated the nutritional parameters and lifestyle of patients hospitalized in Cardiocentre Nitra. In order to obtain the necessary information we chose the questionnaire method. In our survey 194 patients were included, of which 155 were men (79.89%) and 39 (20.11%) women. These patients were hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction diagnosis. The vast majority of patients had overweight and obesity caused by improper eating habits. The high prevalence of overweight, BMI in the range 25 - 30 kg/m2, was also confirmed as statistically significant, p <0.05 (P=0.02). BMI over 25 kg/m2 was present in 85% of men and 80% of women. The consumption of selected food commodities with evidence of a positive or negative impact on the emergence of acute myocardial infarction was not statistically significant (p >0.05) when evaluating dietary habits. But we can confirm too frequent consumption of chicken at the expense of other types of meat and relatively frequent consumption of fish (once a week). We recorded the preference of semi-skimmed dairy products, but also high and inappropriate consumption of full-fat dairy products in men and women (37% and 17.8%, respectively). Daily intake of fruits and vegetables was in 85.9% of women and 64.7% of men. Everyday intake of bread and pastries was confirmed by 100% of respondents. Lifestyle was evaluated according to the presence of smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and physical activity. Up to 60.5% of men and 26.4% of women admitted smoking, while 34.6% of men and 7.5% women ended up with the habit after myocardial infarction. The excessive alcohol consumption was not detected in the study group. Approximately 67% of men and 56% of women carry out an easier walking and moderate physical activity while taking into account their health status

Omicron infection enhances Delta antibody immunity in vaccinated persons

The extent to which Omicron infection(1–9), with or without previous vaccination, elicits protection against the previously dominant Delta (B.1.617.2) variant is unclear. Here we measured the neutralization capacity against variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in 39 individuals in South Africa infected with the Omicron sublineage BA.1 starting at a median of 6 (interquartile range 3–9) days post symptom onset and continuing until last follow-up sample available, a median of 23 (interquartile range 19–27) days post symptoms to allow BA.1-elicited neutralizing immunity time to develop. Fifteen participants were vaccinated with Pfizer's BNT162b2 or Johnson & Johnson's Ad26.CoV2.S and had BA.1 breakthrough infections, and 24 were unvaccinated. BA.1 neutralization increased from a geometric mean 50% focus reduction neutralization test titre of 42 at enrolment to 575 at the last follow-up time point (13.6-fold) in vaccinated participants and from 46 to 272 (6.0-fold) in unvaccinated participants. Delta virus neutralization also increased, from 192 to 1,091 (5.7-fold) in vaccinated participants and from 28 to 91 (3.0-fold) in unvaccinated participants. At the last time point, unvaccinated individuals infected with BA.1 had low absolute levels of neutralization for the non-BA.1 viruses and 2.2-fold lower BA.1 neutralization, 12.0-fold lower Delta neutralization, 9.6-fold lower Beta variant neutralization, 17.9-fold lower ancestral virus neutralization and 4.8-fold lower Omicron sublineage BA.2 neutralization relative to vaccinated individuals infected with BA.1. These results indicate that hybrid immunity formed by vaccination and Omicron BA.1 infection should be protective against Delta and other variants. By contrast, infection with Omicron BA.1 alone offers limited cross-protection despite moderate enhancement

Tolerability of indacaterol, a novel once-daily beta2-agonist, in patients with asthma: a randomized, placebo-controlled, 28-day safety study.

Indacaterol is a novel, inhaled, once-daily beta2-agonist. To investigate the safety and tolerability of indacaterol at doses of 400 and 800 microg/d. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter, 28-day study. Patients with persistent asthma (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] > or =-60% predicted, < or =1,600 microg of beclomethasone dipropionate or equivalent daily) received indacaterol, 400 microg (n = 59) or 800 microg (n = 59), or placebo (n = 26) once daily via a single-dose dry powder inhaler. Safety assessments were performed before and after dosing on days 1, 14, and 28, with particular attention to key beta2-agonist safety variables. A total of 144 patients were randomized, with 135 (93.8%) completing the study. Indacaterol was well tolerated: the incidence of adverse events (AEs) was similar between the active and placebo groups, and AEs, when they occurred, were mild or moderate for most (98.2%). There was no dose-response relationship between indacaterol and the incidence of AEs (400 microg, 40.7%; 800 microg, 37.3%; and placebo, 38.5%). Few AEs considered as beta2-agonist class effects occurred (none leading to withdrawal). Small differences between indacaterol and placebo in mean serum potassium (< or =-0.29 mmol/L) and glucose (< or =0.93 mmol/L) levels were occasionally statistically significant (P < .05) but not regarded as clinically meaningful. As expected for a beta2-agonist, there was some indication of a trend in QTc prolongation with increasing exposure (maximum mean change, 8.9 milliseconds; P < .05 vs placebo). Significant increases in FEV1 (P < .05) were seen at all postbaseline time points for both indacaterol doses vs placebo, with indacaterol-placebo differences 30 minutes after dosing of 0.21 to 0.25 L and before dosing on days 14 and 28 (approximately 24 hours after the previous dose) of 0.15 to 0.23 L. Indacaterol had a good overall safety profile and was well tolerated at both doses, with predose FEV1 results on days 14 and 28 indicating 24-hour bronchodilator efficacy

Omicron infection enhances Delta antibody immunity in vaccinated persons

The extent to which Omicron infection(1–9), with or without previous vaccination, elicits protection against the previously dominant Delta (B.1.617.2) variant is unclear. Here we measured the neutralization capacity against variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in 39 individuals in South Africa infected with the Omicron sublineage BA.1 starting at a median of 6 (interquartile range 3–9) days post symptom onset and continuing until last follow-up sample available, a median of 23 (interquartile range 19–27) days post symptoms to allow BA.1-elicited neutralizing immunity time to develop. Fifteen participants were vaccinated with Pfizer's BNT162b2 or Johnson & Johnson's Ad26.CoV2.S and had BA.1 breakthrough infections, and 24 were unvaccinated. BA.1 neutralization increased from a geometric mean 50% focus reduction neutralization test titre of 42 at enrolment to 575 at the last follow-up time point (13.6-fold) in vaccinated participants and from 46 to 272 (6.0-fold) in unvaccinated participants. Delta virus neutralization also increased, from 192 to 1,091 (5.7-fold) in vaccinated participants and from 28 to 91 (3.0-fold) in unvaccinated participants. At the last time point, unvaccinated individuals infected with BA.1 had low absolute levels of neutralization for the non-BA.1 viruses and 2.2-fold lower BA.1 neutralization, 12.0-fold lower Delta neutralization, 9.6-fold lower Beta variant neutralization, 17.9-fold lower ancestral virus neutralization and 4.8-fold lower Omicron sublineage BA.2 neutralization relative to vaccinated individuals infected with BA.1. These results indicate that hybrid immunity formed by vaccination and Omicron BA.1 infection should be protective against Delta and other variants. By contrast, infection with Omicron BA.1 alone offers limited cross-protection despite moderate enhancement