Feature binding of common everyday items is not affected by age

There is a surge of studies confirming that old age spares the ability to bind in visual working memory (VWM) multiple features within singular object representations. Furthermore, it has been suggested that such ability may also be independent of the cultural background of the assessed individual. However, this evidence has been gathered with tasks that use arbitrary bindings of unfamiliar features. Whether age spares memory binding functions when the memoranda are features of everyday life objects remains less well explored. The present study investigated the influence of age, memory delay, and education, on conjunctive binding functions responsible for representing everyday items in VWM. We asked 32 healthy young and 41 healthy older adults to perform a memory binding task. During the task, participants saw visual arrays of objects, colours, or coloured objects presented for 6 s. Immediately after they were asked either to select the objects or the colours that were presented during the study display from larger sets of objects or colours, or to recombine them by selecting from such sets the objects and their corresponding colours. This procedure was repeated immediately after but this time providing a 30 s unfiled delay. We manipulated familiarity by presenting congruent and incongruent object-colour pairings. The results showed that the ability to bind intrinsic features in VWM does not decline with age even when these features belong to everyday items and form novel or well-known associations. Such preserved memory binding abilities held across memory delays. The impact of feature congruency on item-recognition appears to be greater in older than in younger adults. This suggests that long-term memory (LTM) supports binding functions carried out in VWM for familiar everyday items and older adults still benefit from this LTM support. We have expanded the evidence supporting the lack of age effects on VWM binding functions to new feature and object domains (i.e., everyday items). We have confirmed that education does not negatively impact on such ability at old age. Such results have important implications for the selection of culturally unbiased tests to screen for abnormal ageing trajectories

LOCALIZACION Y CARACTERIZACION DE LOS ESCOMBROS DE LA CIUDAD DE NEIVA

En el siguiente trabajo se realizó la caracterización detallada de los escombros generados por la construcción en la ciudad de Neiva, departamento del Huila, la cual servirá de herramienta útil, para su posterior reciclaje, análisis que beneficiara de manera directa a los implicados en los procesos de construcción. La caracterización comprende el análisis de factores como el peso y el volumen de los residuos, con los cuales se obtuvieron resultados de densidad, que tienen la función de determinar el porcentaje de residuos de construccion que posee la ciudad de Neiva en 5 Zonas neurálgicas. Se tomaron volumetrías y mediciones de áreas, que demuestran la demanda de escombros que posee la ciudad, con ello se realizó, el estudio de factibilidad para el rehúso de los residuos, con lo cual se podrá mitigar el impacto ambiental que los acarrea, con un plan de recolección, el cual reduciría la compra de materiales nuevos. Por otra parte se determinó también el porcentaje de reciclaje que poseen los escombros, ya que no todos los escombros tienen la posibilidad de ser reciclados, por lo cual también se establecen las guías para manejarlos de acuerdo a al localización realizada y la identificación de los botaderos legales de los mismos

An Approximations Based Approach to Optimal Control of Switched Dynamic Systems

Our paper deals with a new computational approach to optimal control design for a class of switched systems. The control strategy we propose is based on the conventional proximal point method applied to a specific optimal control problem (OCP) with switched dynamics. The class of OCPs under consideration is widely applicable in optimization of real-world electronic systems. We create constructive approximations for the initially given sophisticated OCP, establish numerical stability (consistency) of the resulting algorithm, and develop an optimal control strategy. We finally discuss some implementability issues, study an illustrative example, and also point to possible generalizations of the elaborated control design in the context of nonlinear hybrid systems

Feature Binding of Common Everyday Items Is Not Affected by Age

There is a surge of studies confirming that old age spares the ability to bind in visual working memory (VWM) multiple features within singular object representations. Furthermore, it has been suggested that such ability may also be independent of the cultural background of the assessed individual. However, this evidence has been gathered with tasks that use arbitrary bindings of unfamiliar features. Whether age spares memory binding functions when the memoranda are features of everyday life objects remains less well explored. The present study investigated the influence of age, memory delay, and education, on conjunctive binding functions responsible for representing everyday items in VWM. We asked 32 healthy young and 41 healthy older adults to perform a memory binding task. During the task, participants saw visual arrays of objects, colours, or coloured objects presented for 6 s. Immediately after they were asked either to select the objects or the colours that were presented during the study display from larger sets of objects or colours, or to recombine them by selecting from such sets the objects and their corresponding colours. This procedure was repeated immediately after but this time providing a 30 s unfiled delay. We manipulated familiarity by presenting congruent and incongruent object-colour pairings. The results showed that the ability to bind intrinsic features in VWM does not decline with age even when these features belong to everyday items and form novel or well-known associations. Such preserved memory binding abilities held across memory delays. The impact of feature congruency on item-recognition appears to be greater in older than in younger adults. This suggests that long-term memory (LTM) supports binding functions carried out in VWM for familiar everyday items and older adults still benefit from this LTM support. We have expanded the evidence supporting the lack of age effects on VWM binding functions to new feature and object domains (i.e., everyday items). We have confirmed that education does not negatively impact on such ability at old age. Such results have important implications for the selection of culturally unbiased tests to screen for abnormal ageing trajectories