ÁGUA INFECTADA E A CORRELAÇÃO COM A HEPATITE E

Hepatitis E infection is found worldwide and is common in low- and middle-income countries with limited access to essential water, sanitation, hygiene and health services. In these areas, the disease occurs in both outbreaks and sporadic cases. Outbreaks often follow periods of fecal contamination of drinking water supplies and can affect thousands of people. This article aims to raise awareness among the population about the risks of hepatitis E and mainly to highlight the correlation with water. This is an integrative review of the literature. Within the time window of the last five years. The results confirm the importance of drinking water and basic sanitation, as well as highlighting the lack of studies in this area. Therefore it is necessary to talk more about hepatitis E, this article has the legacy of being the basis for other reviews, highlighting that prevention is the most effective approach against infection, however it is necessary to maintain quality standards for public water supply and establish adequate human feces disposal systems, as well as personal hygiene care.A infecção por hepatite E é encontrada em todo o mundo e é comum em países de baixo e médio rendimento com acesso limitado a serviços essenciais de água, saneamento, higiene e saúde. Nessas áreas, a doença ocorre tanto em surtos quanto em casos esporádicos. Os surtos geralmente seguem-se a períodos de contaminação fecal do abastecimento de água potável e podem afetar milhares de pessoas. Esse artigo tem como objetivo conscientizar a população sobre os riscos da hepatite E e principalmente destacar a correlação com a água. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Dentro da janela temporal dos últimos cinco anos. Os resultados confirmam a importância da água potável e saneamento básico, bem como evidenciam a falta de estudos nessa área. Por tanto é necessário falar mais sobre a hepatite E, esse artigo fica com o legado de ser base para outras revisões, ressaltando que a prevenção é a abordagem mais eficaz contra a infecção, entretanto é necessário manter padrões de qualidade para o abastecimento público de água e estabelecer sistemas adequados de eliminação de fezes humanas, bem como os cuidados de higiene pessoal

Anales del III Congreso Internacional de Vivienda y Ciudad "Debate en torno a la nueva agenda urbana"

Acta de congresoEl III Congreso Internacional de Vivienda y Ciudad “Debates en torno a la NUEVa Agenda Urbana”, ha sido una apuesta de alto compromiso por acercar los debates centrales y urgentes que tensionan el pleno ejercicio del derecho a la ciudad. Para ello las instituciones organizadoras (INVIHAB –Instituto de Investigación de Vivienda y Hábitat y MGyDH-Maestría en Gestión y Desarrollo Habitacional-1), hemos convidado un espacio que se concretó con potencia en un debate transdisciplinario. Convocó a intelectuales de prestigio internacional, investigadores, académicos y gestores estatales, y en una metodología de innovación articuló las voces académicas con las de las organizaciones sociales y/o barriales en el Foro de las Organizaciones Sociales que tuvo su espacio propio para dar voz a quienes están trabajando en los desafíos para garantizar los derechos a la vivienda y los bienes urbanos en nuestras ciudades del Siglo XXI

Conflictos, desafíos y oportunidades en los procesos de reurbanización en ciudad de Buenos Aires. El caso Villa 20, Lugano

El presente trabajo se propone, a partir del análisis del proceso de urbanización de la villa 20, dar cuenta de los límites y los alcances de la política de urbanización de villas implementada en la etapa actual, así como las oportunidades que se presentan para ampliar el horizonte de herramientas y modalidades de intervención que estén al alcance de promover prácticas que hagan efectivo el derecho a la ciudad y disminuyan las desigualdades territoriales

Correction: Performance of rK39-based immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic test for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis using whole blood, serum and oral fluid.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230610.]

Recombinant protein KR95 as an alternative for serological diagnosis of human visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas.

In the Americas, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum, leading to death if not promptly diagnosed and treated. In Brazil, the disease reaches all regions, and in 2020, 1,933 VL cases were reported with 9.5% lethality. Thus, an accurate diagnosis is essential to provide the appropriate treatment. Serological VL diagnosis is based mainly on immunochromatographic tests, but their performance may vary by location, and evaluation of diagnostic alternatives is necessary. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the performance of ELISA with the scantily studied recombinant antigens, K18 and KR95, comparing their performance with the already known rK28 and rK39. Sera from parasitologically confirmed symptomatic VL patients (n = 90) and healthy endemic controls (n = 90) were submitted to ELISA with rK18 and rKR95. Sensitivity (95% CI) was, respectively, 83.3% (74.2-89.7) and 95.6% (88.8-98.6), and specificity (95% CI) was 93.3% (85.9-97.2) and 97.8% (91.8-99.9). For validation of ELISA with the recombinant antigens, we included samples from 122 VL patients and 83 healthy controls collected in three regions in Brazil (Northeast, Southeast, and Midwest). When comparing the results obtained with the VL patients' samples, significantly lower sensitivity was obtained by rK18-ELISA (88.5%, 95% CI: 81.5-93.2) compared with rK28-ELISA (95.9%, 95% CI: 90.5-98.5), but the sensitivity was similar comparing rKR95-ELISA (95.1%, 95% CI: 89.5-98.0), rK28-ELISA (95.9%, 95% CI: 90.5-98.5), and rK39-ELISA (94.3%, 95% CI: 88.4-97.4). Analyzing the specificity, it was lowest with rK18-ELISA (62.7%, 95% CI: 51.9-72.3) with 83 healthy control samples. Conversely, higher and similar specificity was obtained by rKR95-ELISA (96.4%, 95% CI: 89.5-99.2), rK28-ELISA (95.2%, 95% CI: 87.9-98.5), and rK39-ELISA (95.2%, 95% CI: 87.9-98.5). There was no difference in sensitivity and specificity across localities. Cross-reactivity assessment, performed with sera of patients diagnosed with inflammatory disorders and other infectious diseases, was 34.2% with rK18-ELISA and 3.1% with rKR95-ELISA. Based on these data, we suggest using recombinant antigen KR95 in serological assays for VL diagnosis