The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age  6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score  652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

Introduction sur les collections de ressources génétiques gérées par l'équipe ECP, Pôle Geapsi, UMR Agroécologie

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Screening a <em>Vicia faba</em> L. collection sitona lineatus resistance

International audienc

Phenotyping of internal structure of seeds of legume crops by imaging and chemometrics

International audienceImprovement of phenotyping in legume breeding is a major challenge to increase yield or to imagine novel food uses. The analysis of large genetic resources collections requires for developing fast, cheap and reliable screening tools and related data processing. Artificial vision with several lighting of different wavelengths seems to be a good alternative to characterize seeds of genetic resources collections. This technique consists in the acquisition of a set of spectral images on a unique sample. The aim of this work is to develop a new methodology of seeds phenotyping, which can be applied to different legume species. To achieve this goal, we have used multispectral imaging and chemometrics for evaluating the phenotypic variability of the internal structure of faba bean and lupin seeds. For each cultivar, 10 seeds were cross-sectioned at half-length and a multispectral image (spatial size of 10 mm * 9 mm) of this section was acquired. The images gave many relevant pieces of information about the variability of some criteria related to internal texture, shape parameters and color. Some spectral signatures were assigned to tissues and exploited to label histological areas in seeds. PCA analysis of these images highlighted that some cultivars a low intra-genotype variability, and that the inter-genotypic variability was higher than intra genotype for shape of seeds

Phytosulfokine-alpha, an enhancer of in vitro regeneration competence in recalcitrant legumes

International audienceOligopeptides have been recognized as signalling molecules playing an important role in plant cell growth and development. Phytosulfokine-alpha (PSK), a plant-specific disulfated pentapeptide, is involved at nanomolar concentrations in initial steps of cellular dedifferentiation, proliferation, and re-differentiation, with a biological function similar to that of plant hormones. On the other hand, legume crops are generally known for their recalcitrance to in vitro regeneration approaches, which has restrained the exploitation of biotechnological tools for their genetic improvement. Against this background, we added PSK at concentrations of 10-10 to 10-6 M, to semisolid MS-based culture media previously shown to permit some regeneration responses with a number of genotypes of pea (Pisum sativum), Medicago truncatula and also the highly recalcitrant faba bean (Vicia faba). Callus, cell suspensions and embryo-derived explants of barrel medic R108, pea cvs Frisson and Cameor and a zero vicin, zero tannin faba bean genotype were tested and their embryogenic and organogenic regeneration competence was assessed. PSK had a strong and significant enhancing effect on the regeneration competence of all genotypes, producing somatic embryos and organs that yielded regenerated plants of both pea and M. truncatula, and with a major organogenic effect leading to plant regeneration with faba bean where somatic embryos, although produced, failed to convert into viable plants. This is the first report on the use of PSK with legume species

Phytosulfokine-alpha enhances regeneration and transformation competence in recalcitrant legumes

International audienc

CRG protéagineux à grosses graines, INRA dijon. Diversité biologique pour le maintien du patrimoine et la recherche de performances

National audienceLe centre de ressources génétiques des Protéagineux à grosses graines de l’INRA de Dijon gère des collections appartenant aux trois espèces : pisum (>10.000 accessions), Vicia faba (1400 accessions) et Lupinus albus (1600 accessions). Ces collections renferment aussi bien des génotypes « patrimoniaux » et historiques, que des génotypes issus de programmes de recherche et de sélection. Les ressources « naturelles » de pois (2000 accessions) renferment des formes cultivées ou sauvages ayant pour origine géographique plus d’une quarantaine de pays. La féverole, espèce allogame, ne comporte pas de formes sauvages, mais des formes cultivées (1200 accessions) provenant des 4 centres de diversification de l’espèce. Quant au lupin, la collection comporte essentiellement des formes naturelles et cultivées (1500 accessions), collectées dans les pays du pourtour méditerranéen. La grande diversité de ces collections permet, entre autres, des approches de génétique d’association et de génomique. Les marqueurs moléculaires, mis au point, par exemple, dans le programme ANR PeaMUST ou FP7 Legato, spécifiques de caractères agronomiques, peuvent être utilisés dans les programmes de sélection assistée par marqueurs, tel que dans le programme IVD INRA ou mis à disposition des membres du Groupement des Sélectionneurs de Protéagineux. Les nouveaux génotypes sélectionnés sont ensuite testés pour leur valeur agronomique et aptitude à la résistance aux stress biotiques et abiotiques, ainsi que pour leur valeur nutritionnelle, en collaboration avec Terres inovia. C’est l’intégration de toute cette filière de ces trois espèces, des formes ancestrales à l’application dans le secteur agroalimentaire, qui est pour le centre de ressources et ses partenaires, gage d’avancées stratégiques. Mots clés autres que dans le titre : pisum ; vicia faba , lupinus ; ressource

Phytosulfokine-alpha, an enhancer of in vitro regeneration competence in recalcitrant legumes

International audienceOligopeptides have been recognized as signaling molecules playing an important role in plant cell growth and development. Phytosulfokine-alpha (PSK), a plant-specific disulfated pentapeptide, is involved at nanomolar concentrations in initial steps of cellular dedifferentiation, proliferation, and re-differentiation, with a biological function similar to that of plant hormones. On the other hand, legume crops are generally known for their recalcitrance to in vitro regeneration approaches, which has restrained the exploitation of biotechnological tools for their genetic improvement. Against this background, we added PSK at concentrations of 10(-10) to 10(-6)M, to semisolid MS-based culture media previously shown to permit some regeneration responses with pea (Pisum sativum) and highly recalcitrant faba bean (Vicia faba). Callus, cell suspensions and embryo-derived explants of pea cultivars Frisson and Cameor and a low vicin, zero tannin faba bean genotype (Fevita((c))) were assessed for their embryogenic and organogenic regeneration competence. For all genotypes, PSK reliably and significantly enhanced the regeneration competence producing somatic embryos and organs that yielded regenerated plants of both pea cultivars, and had a major organogenic effect leading to plant regeneration with faba bean where somatic embryos, although produced, failed to convert into viable plants. This is the first report on the use of PSK with legume species

Evaluation in vitro du potentiel anthelminthique de la graine de lupin, <em>Lupinus spp.</em>

National audienceLe lupin, protéagineux déjà utilisé en nutrition animale, contient des alcaloïdes qui pourraient avoir des vertus anthelminthiques. Notre étude s’attache à valider et quantifier ces propriétés par des tests in vitro exposant Haemonchus contortus, strongle parasite de ruminants, à différents extraits de deux variétés, riche (amère) ou pauvre (douce) en alcaloïdes. L’analyse des alcaloïdes présents a révélé une teneur plus élevée dans la variété amère (3.3% contre 0.04% dans la variété douce), mais une diversité supérieure dans la variété douce (n=5 contre 3 dans la variété amère). Les différents extraits des variétés testées ont paralysé significativement les stades larvaires et inhibé le développement des œufs en larves. Les fractions alcaloïdiques extraites ont eu un effet plus marqué que l’extrait total de graine, en faveur de l’hypothèse de travail, et ont également permis de contrôler un isolat parasitaire multi-résistant aux anthelminthiques disponibles en France. Ces résultats placent le lupin comme un nouvel alicament potentiel