Analyse du travail et formation : le cas de la prise de note chez les accompagnateurs en validation des acquis

Cet article porte sur les rapports entre analyse du travail et formation à partir de l’analyse d’un exemple d’activité. La méthode mobilisée est celle de l’autoconfrontation croisée, telle qu’elle est utilisée en Clinique de l’Activité. Ce sont des « accompagnateurs » chargés de recevoir des candidats à la validation des acquis qui analysent une de leur séquence d’entretien. Ils constatent que l’action analysée – la prise de note – est en réalité constituée de plusieurs activités différentes qui ne remplissent pas les mêmes fonctions et qui ne sont pas toutes développées. On propose alors de voir à quelles conditions la formation pourrait donner suite à l’analyse du travail pour seconder le développement de ces fonctions potentielles. On s’appuie sur le concept de signification dans les textes de Vygotski, Léontiev et de Baktine ainsi que sur la lecture de ceux-ci par Clot, pour comprendre la pluralité des significations accordées à une même action réalisée. L’analyse est introduite à partir d’une discussion du principe fondateur de la validation des acquis « l’activité de travail est productrice de connaissances et de compétences » sur la base de plusieurs travaux de psychologie du travail, de psychopathologie et de didactique professionnelle.Drawing upon a case study, this article examines the relationship between work analysis and training. The method used is that of crossed self-confrontation as developed in clinical approaches used in researching activities. Counselors, in charge of working with candidates applying for validation of their acquired knowledge, analyzed a recorded sequence of one of their consultations. They realized that the action analyzed – that of taking notes – was in fact a set of different activities which do not fulfill identical functions and of which not all are developed. The question concerns determining under what conditions training could follow up work analysis so as to promote the development of these potential functions. Reference is made to the concept of meaning referred to in research by Vygotsky, Leontief and Bakhtine, as well as in Clot’s commentaries of this research, in order to account for the plurality of meanings underlying a single performed action. Analysis is introduced by a discussion of the founding principle of acquired knowledge validation – » work activity generates knowledge and skills » – on the basis of findings in work psychology, psychopathology and professional didactics

Analyse du travail et formation : le cas de la prise de note chez les accompagnateurs en validation des acquis

Cet article porte sur les rapports entre analyse du travail et formation à partir de l’analyse d’un exemple d’activité. La méthode mobilisée est celle de l’autoconfrontation croisée, telle qu’elle est utilisée en Clinique de l’Activité. Ce sont des « accompagnateurs » chargés de recevoir des candidats à la validation des acquis qui analysent une de leur séquence d’entretien. Ils constatent que l’action analysée – la prise de note – est en réalité constituée de plusieurs activités différentes qui ne remplissent pas les mêmes fonctions et qui ne sont pas toutes développées. On propose alors de voir à quelles conditions la formation pourrait donner suite à l’analyse du travail pour seconder le développement de ces fonctions potentielles. On s’appuie sur le concept de signification dans les textes de Vygotski, Léontiev et de Baktine ainsi que sur la lecture de ceux-ci par Clot, pour comprendre la pluralité des significations accordées à une même action réalisée. L’analyse est introduite à partir d’une discussion du principe fondateur de la validation des acquis « l’activité de travail est productrice de connaissances et de compétences » sur la base de plusieurs travaux de psychologie du travail, de psychopathologie et de didactique professionnelle.Drawing upon a case study, this article examines the relationship between work analysis and training. The method used is that of crossed self-confrontation as developed in clinical approaches used in researching activities. Counselors, in charge of working with candidates applying for validation of their acquired knowledge, analyzed a recorded sequence of one of their consultations. They realized that the action analyzed – that of taking notes – was in fact a set of different activities which do not fulfill identical functions and of which not all are developed. The question concerns determining under what conditions training could follow up work analysis so as to promote the development of these potential functions. Reference is made to the concept of meaning referred to in research by Vygotsky, Leontief and Bakhtine, as well as in Clot’s commentaries of this research, in order to account for the plurality of meanings underlying a single performed action. Analysis is introduced by a discussion of the founding principle of acquired knowledge validation – » work activity generates knowledge and skills » – on the basis of findings in work psychology, psychopathology and professional didactics

Main-Belt Comet P/2012 T1 (PANSTARRS)

We present initial results from observations and numerical analyses aimed at characterizing main-belt comet P/2012 T1 (PANSTARRS). Optical monitoring observations were made between October 2012 and February 2013 using the University of Hawaii 2.2 m telescope, the Keck I telescope, the Baade and Clay Magellan telescopes, Faulkes Telescope South, the Perkins Telescope at Lowell Observatory, and the Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) telescope. The object's intrinsic brightness approximately doubles from the time of its discovery in early October until mid-November and then decreases by ~60% between late December and early February, similar to photometric behavior exhibited by several other main-belt comets and unlike that exhibited by disrupted asteroid (596) Scheila. We also used Keck to conduct spectroscopic searches for CN emission as well as absorption at 0.7 microns that could indicate the presence of hydrated minerals, finding an upper limit CN production rate of QCN<1.5x10^23 mol/s, from which we infer a water production rate of QH2O<5x10^25 mol/s, and no evidence of the presence of hydrated minerals. Numerical simulations indicate that P/2012 T1 is largely dynamically stable for >100 Myr and is unlikely to be a recently implanted interloper from the outer solar system, while a search for potential asteroid family associations reveal that it is dynamically linked to the ~155 Myr-old Lixiaohua asteroid family.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letter

Outgassing Behavior of C/2012 S1 (ISON) From September 2011 to June 2013

We report photometric observations for comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) obtained during the time period immediately after discovery (r=6.28 AU) until it moved into solar conjunction in mid-2013 June using the UH2.2m, and Gemini North 8-m telescopes on Mauna Kea, the Lowell 1.8m in Flagstaff, the Calar Alto 1.2m telescope in Spain, the VYSOS-5 telescopes on Mauna Loa Hawaii and data from the CARA network. Additional pre-discovery data from the Pan STARRS1 survey extends the light curve back to 2011 September 30 (r=9.4 AU). The images showed a similar tail morphology due to small micron sized particles throughout 2013. Observations at sub-mm wavelengths using the JCMT on 15 nights between 2013 March 9 (r=4.52 AU) and June 16 (r=3.35 AU) were used to search for CO and HCN rotation lines. No gas was detected, with upper limits for CO ranging between (3.5-4.5)E27 molec/s. Combined with published water production rate estimates we have generated ice sublimation models consistent with the photometric light curve. The inbound light curve is likely controlled by sublimation of CO2. At these distances water is not a strong contributor to the outgassing. We also infer that there was a long slow outburst of activity beginning in late 2011 peaking in mid-2013 January (r~5 AU) at which point the activity decreased again through 2013 June. We suggest that this outburst was driven by CO injecting large water ice grains into the coma. Observations as the comet came out of solar conjunction seem to confirm our models.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, 3 table

Astrometric accelerations as dynamical beacons : discovery and characterization of HIP 21152 B, the First T-dwarf companion in the Hyades * * Based in part on data collected at Subaru Telescope, which is operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.

Benchmark brown dwarf companions with well-determined ages and model-independent masses are powerful tools to test substellar evolutionary models and probe the formation of giant planets and brown dwarfs. Here, we report the independent discovery of HIP 21152 B, the first imaged brown dwarf companion in the Hyades, and conduct a comprehensive orbital and atmospheric characterization of the system. HIP 21152 was targeted in an ongoing high-contrast imaging campaign of stars exhibiting proper-motion changes between Hipparcos and Gaia, and was also recently identified by Bonavita et al. (2022) and Kuzuhara et al. (2022). Our Keck/NIRC2 and SCExAO/CHARIS imaging of HIP 21152 revealed a comoving companion at a separation of 0.″37 (16 au). We perform a joint orbit fit of all available relative astrometry and radial velocities together with the Hipparcos-Gaia proper motions, yielding a dynamical mass of 24−4+6MJup , which is 1–2σ lower than evolutionary model predictions. Hybrid grids that include the evolution of cloud properties best reproduce the dynamical mass. We also identify a comoving wide-separation (1837″ or 7.9 × 104 au) early-L dwarf with an inferred mass near the hydrogen-burning limit. Finally, we analyze the spectra and photometry of HIP 21152 B using the Saumon & Marley (2008) atmospheric models and a suite of retrievals. The best-fit grid-based models have f sed = 2, indicating the presence of clouds, T eff = 1400 K, and logg=4.5dex . These results are consistent with the object’s spectral type of T0 ± 1. As the first benchmark brown dwarf companion in the Hyades, HIP 21152 B joins the small but growing number of substellar companions with well-determined ages and dynamical masses

Astrometric Accelerations as Dynamical Beacons: Discovery and Characterization of HIP 21152 B, the First T-dwarf Companion in the Hyades*

Benchmark brown dwarf companions with well-determined ages and model-independent masses are powerful tools to test substellar evolutionary models and probe the formation of giant planets and brown dwarfs. Here, we report the independent discovery of HIP 21152 B, the first imaged brown dwarf companion in the Hyades, and conduct a comprehensive orbital and atmospheric characterization of the system. HIP 21152 was targeted in an ongoing high-contrast imaging campaign of stars exhibiting proper-motion changes between Hipparcos and Gaia, and was also recently identified by Bonavita et al. (2022) and Kuzuhara et al. (2022). Our Keck/NIRC2 and SCExAO/CHARIS imaging of HIP 21152 revealed a comoving companion at a separation of 0.″37 (16 au). We perform a joint orbit fit of all available relative astrometry and radial velocities together with the Hipparcos-Gaia proper motions, yielding a dynamical mass of $24^{+6}_{-4}M_{Jup}$, which is 1–2σ lower than evolutionary model predictions. Hybrid grids that include the evolution of cloud properties best reproduce the dynamical mass. We also identify a comoving wide-separation (1837″ or $7.9 {\times} 10^4 au$) early-L dwarf with an inferred mass near the hydrogen-burning limit. Finally, we analyze the spectra and photometry of HIP 21152 B using the Saumon & Marley (2008) atmospheric models and a suite of retrievals. The best-fit grid-based models have $f_{sed} = 2$, indicating the presence of clouds, $T_{eff} = 1400 K$, and $log\, g=4.5dex$ . These results are consistent with the object’s spectral type of T0 ± 1. As the first benchmark brown dwarf companion in the Hyades, HIP 21152 B joins the small but growing number of substellar companions with well-determined ages and dynamical masses. * Based in part on data collected at Subaru Telescope, which is operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

L'expérience revisitée à l'occasion de la validation des acquis professionnels

Jacqueline Magnier und Christiane Werthe, Berufserfahrung neu hinterfragt : anlässlich der Anerkennung nicht formal erworbener Kenntnisse und Qualifikationen Im Zentrum dieses Beitrags steht die Betreuungsphase der Kandidaten im Bildungswesen, die ihre nicht formal erworbenen Kenntnisse und Qualifikationen anerkennen lassen wollen. Diese Phase kann nicht nur zur Förderung der Erfahrung des Kandidaten beitragen, sondern hilft auch, seine Kenntnisse und Fähigkeiten zu verbessern. Die vorliegende Studie zeigt, dass sich das Ordnungsmittel im Gespräch mit den Kandidaten als ein unverzichtbares Arbeitsinstrument für die betreuende Begleitpersonen erweist. Es strukturiert ihre Tätigkeit, wobei es sich mal als Hindernis, mal als Pluspunkt erweist. Für die Arbeitsgruppe in Nantes stand die Débatte über den Platz und die Rolle dieses Mittels im Zentrum ihrer Diskussionen. Durch diese Debatte festigte sich die Rolle des Ordnungsmittels als Instrument der Begleitung sowie als Garant für den Wert des Diploms, während sie gleichzeitig Perspektiven für seine Weiterentwicklung lieferte. Die vorliegende Untersuchung baut auf eine erste Studie auf, in der die Unterschiede, die naturgemäss zwischen Kenntnissen, die durch Erfahrung und denen, die durch Ausbildung gewonnen werden, verdeutlicht wurden.Jacqueline Magnier and Christiane Werthe, Experience revisited in connection with the certification of vocational know-how. This study deals with the phase in which the candidates for certification by the national educational authorities undergo a period of guidance. During this period, candidates are able to acquire both experience and knowledge. The present study shows that benchmark reference systems provide those responsible for guidance with an indispensable tool from the first interview with the candidates onwards. Whether they are thought to constitute a handicap or an advantage, descriptive reference systems of this kind certainly serve to define a candidate's future activities. The discussions which took place at a recent professional work group in Nantes centred on the proper uses of benchmark reference systems and the purposes they are intended to serve. It was concluded that they constitute an essential tool, both as an aid to guidance planners and because they attest to the value of diplomas, while suggesting the lines on which these are liable to develop. This is an extension of a previous study, in which the essential difference between knowledge acquired via practical experience and that acquired via vocational training was stressed.L'analyse de l'activité et du développement de l'expérience sont au coeur de cette étude, conduite dans le cadre de la Validation des acquis professionnels à l'Éducation nationale. L'accompagnement du candidat est une zone de développement potentiel pour son expérience mais aussi pour ses connaissances. L'étude montre que pour les accompagnateurs, le référentiel est un instrument de travail indispensable au cours de l'entretien avec le candidat. Considéré tantôt comme un obstacle, tantôt comme un atout, il structure leur activité. Au sein du collectif de travail à Nantes, les débats sur la place et le rôle du référentiel ont été au centre des dialogues professionnels. Ils ont permis d'affirmer son rôle comme outil de l'accompagnement et comme garant de la valeur du diplôme, tout en ouvrant des perspectives quant à ses évolutions. Cette recherche fait suite à une première étude qui a permis de mettre en évidence la différence de nature entre les connaissances issues de l'expérience et celles qui relèvent de la formation.Magnier Jacqueline, Werthe Christiane. L'expérience revisitée à l'occasion de la validation des acquis professionnels. In: Formation Emploi. N.75, 2001. pp. 29-41