Analysis of the correlations between the severity of lung involvement and olfactory psychophysical scores in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients

Interstitial pneumonia is an important complication of COVID-19 and a reliable negative prognostic factor. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between olfactory psychophysical scores and severity of lung involvement detected by chest computed tomography in COVID-19 patients suspected of having interstitial pneumonia. We also evaluated whether severity of respiratory disease predicted recovery of olfactory dysfunction

Accuracy of ChatGPT-Generated Information on Head and Neck and Oromaxillofacial Surgery: A Multicenter Collaborative Analysis

Objective: To investigate the accuracy of Chat-Based Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) in answering questions and solving clinical scenarios of head and neck surgery. Study design: Observational and valuative study. Setting: Eighteen surgeons from 14 Italian head and neck surgery units. Methods: A total of 144 clinical questions encompassing different subspecialities of head and neck surgery and 15 comprehensive clinical scenarios were developed. Questions and scenarios were inputted into ChatGPT4, and the resulting answers were evaluated by the researchers using accuracy (range 1-6), completeness (range 1-3), and references' quality Likert scales. Results: The overall median score of open-ended questions was 6 (interquartile range[IQR]: 5-6) for accuracy and 3 (IQR: 2-3) for completeness. Overall, the reviewers rated the answer as entirely or nearly entirely correct in 87.2% of cases and as comprehensive and covering all aspects of the question in 73% of cases. The artificial intelligence (AI) model achieved a correct response in 84.7% of the closed-ended questions (11 wrong answers). As for the clinical scenarios, ChatGPT provided a fully or nearly fully correct diagnosis in 81.7% of cases. The proposed diagnostic or therapeutic procedure was judged to be complete in 56.7% of cases. The overall quality of the bibliographic references was poor, and sources were nonexistent in 46.4% of the cases. Conclusion: The results generally demonstrate a good level of accuracy in the AI's answers. The AI's ability to resolve complex clinical scenarios is promising, but it still falls short of being considered a reliable support for the decision-making process of specialists in head-neck surgery

COVID-19 related persistent olfactory disorders represent an unprecedented challenge

COVID-19 related persistent olfactory disorders represent an unprecedented challeng

Computational fluid dynamic analysis on the induced apical pressures in simulated oval and irregular round canals: an ex-vivo study

Aim: Fluid dynamics can be understood in-vitro by observing the fluid flow patterns in the simulated canal models. The current study aimed at assessing the apical pressures in simulated oval and irregular round canals using computational fluid dynamic analysis (CFD) as a tool. Methodology: Following the ethical approval, a total of 58 freshly extracted mandibular second premolars were collected for the present study. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning was done to confirm the root canal morphology. Based on the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria, the specimens were divided into two groups: group I: irregular round canals (n=29), and group II: completely oval canals (n=29). Following this, the instrumentation of the specimens was carried out using the XP-Endo Shaper (XPS) file system. A post-instrumentation CBCT was then taken to obtain a computer-aided design (CAD) model. Once the CAD model was obtained the CFD simulations were then carried out at different needle placements. Results: Group I showed significantly higher (P<0.05) apical pressures at all the needle positions analyzed. Conclusion: Oval-shaped canals showed the least apical pressures at all needle positions as compared to irregular round canals

The rate of persistent COVID-19 related chemosensory dysfunctions can be established only after one year

We have read with interest the recent article by Reis et al. which underlines the high frequency of persistent olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in subjects infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)