Imaging of pleural disease

The pleural space is a "potential" anatomical space which is formed of two layers: visceral and parietal. It normally contains a trace of fluid (∼10 mL in each hemithorax). Diseases of the pleura can manifest with thickening of the pleural membranes or by abnormal accumulation of air or liquid. Chest radiographs are often the first imaging tests to point to a pleural pathology. With the exception of pneumothorax, and due to the inherent limitations of chest radiographs, ultrasound and/or computed tomography are usually required to further characterise the pleural pathology and guide management. This review summarises the utility of different imaging tools in the management of pleural disease and discusses new and evolving tools in imaging of the pleura

Clinical significance of Galectin-1 and Galectin-4 in rheumatoid arthritis patients and their potential role as diagnostic markers

Aim of the work: To investigate the utility of serum Galectin-1 (Gal-1) and Galectin-4 (Gal-4) as potential markers for diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to explore their relationship with disease activity. Patients and methods: Serum Gal-1 and Gal-4 of 60 RA patients were compared to 30 age and sex-matched controls. Potential relationship of both markers with disease activity assessed using Disease activity score-28 joints (DAS-28), seropositivity (Rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)), functional classification assessed using modified health assessment questionnaire (MHAQ), radiographic progression assessed using Larsen score and treatment was investigated. Results: The study included 60 patients; 54 (90 %) females and 6 (10 %) males with a mean age of 42.6 ± 10.1 years and disease duration of 7.5 ± 6.4 years. Their mean DAS-28 was 4.6 ± 1.0, their MHAQ was 1 ± 0.5 and their Larsen score was 41.3 ± 9.9. The mean of Gal-1 and Gal-4 were both significantly lower in RA patients in comparison to control group (4.4 ± 1.5 ng/ml vs 38.1 ± 25.5 ng/ml and 1.2 ± 0.7 ng/ml; p < 0.001vs 8.1 ± 7.0 ng/ml; p < 0.001 respectively. At a cut off value ≤7.7 for Gal-1 and ≤2.3 for Gal-4 was successfully able to differentiate between RA patients and control group. There was no correlation between both Gal-1 &amp; Gal-4 and DAS-28, MHAQ, Larsen score, RF or ACPA titres. Conclusion: Gal-1 &amp; 4 serum levels have a potential role as diagnostic markers in patients with RA. Both markers however cannot be regarded as disease activity or severity markers

Robotic Surgery in Gynecology Critical Review

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) can be considered as the best surgical innovation in the course of recent years. It changed surgical practice with all well demonstrated benefits over conventional open a surgical procedure: reduced surgical trauma and incision related complications, like surgical site infections, postoperative pain, hernia, decreased hospital stay, and improved surgical outcome. Regardless, capability in MIS can be technically challenging as conventional laparoscopy is related with several constraints as the two-dimensional (2D) screen decrease in-depth perception, camera instability, restricted scope of movement, and steep learning curves.The surgeon has a low force feedback, which permits straightforward motions, respect for tissues, and more effective treatment of complications. Since the 1980s, many PC sciences and robotic projects have been set up to beat the challenges experienced with regular laparoscopy, to increase the surgeon's abilities, accomplish exactness and increased accuracy during conventional laparoscopy, and work with widespread of MIS. Surgical instruments are coordinated by haptic interfaces that replicate and filter hand movements. Robotically assisted technology offers benefits that incorporate worked on three-dimensional stereoscopic vision, wristed instruments that further develop ability, and tremor cancelling software that improves surgical precision

3D Bioprinting for Tissue Engineering Application Review

Three-dimensional (3D) printing (rapid prototyping or additive fabricating innovations) has gotten significant consideration in different fields in the course of recent many years. Tissue engineering uses of 3D bioprinting, specifically, have attracted the attention of numerous researchers. 3D platforms delivered by the 3D bioprinting of biomaterials (bio-inks) empower the recovery and rebuilding of different tissues and organs. These 3D bioprinting methods are helpful for creating platforms for biomedical and regenerative medication and tissue engineering applications, allowing quick production with high-accuracy and control over size, porosity, and shape. In this review, we present an assortment of tissue designing applications to make bones, vascular, skin, ligament, and neural structures utilizing an assortment of 3D bioprinting strategies

Mesenchymal stem cells associated with chitosan scaffolds loaded with rosuvastatin to improve wound healing

In this study we explored the role of rosuvastatin calcium in skin regeneration as statins play important role in the field of tissue engineering. Chitosan hydrochloride was crosslinked with different weight ratios of collagen, β-glycerolphosphate and carboxymethyl cellulose to produce scaffolds by lyophilization technique. Subsequently, the fabricated scaffolds were examined for their morphology, water absorption capacity, water retention, friability and in-vitro drug release as well as in-vivo studies. The results revealed porous 3-D structured scaffolds with maximum water absorption values-ranging between 396 and 2993%. Scaffolds containing carboxymethyl cellulose revealed highest water absorption-values. In-vitro drug release results showed gradual drug release for 60 h with mean dissolution time-values (MDT) between 13 and 21 h. Combination of chitosan, collagen, carboxymethyl cellulose in weight ratio of 40:30:30, respectively achieved gradual disintegration of the scaffold in a simulating medium to an open wound after 4 days. This selected scaffold loaded with rosuvastatin revealed increase proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts compared to placebo scaffold. After 30 days of implantation of selected medicated scaffold loaded with/without mesenchymal stem cells and placebo scaffolds to induced wounds in Albino rats, enhanced skin regeneration and absence of scar formation for drug loaded scaffolds were observed. The histopathological study showed the advantage of stem cells-loaded scaffolds through the normal redistribution of collagen in the epidermal layer. In conclusion, rosuvastatin calcium and stem cells loaded in the tested scaffolds proved their potential effect in enhancing skin healing and regeneration

Digital Health During COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and opportunities Review

Corona virus pandemic caused an enormous effect on medical care, public activity, and economies on a worldwide scale. Clearly, technology has a vital role to empower omnipresent and available digital health services in pandemic conditions just as against “reappearance” of COVID-19 disease in a post-pandemic period. Likewise, 5G systems and 5G-empowered e-health arrangements are principal. This paper features philosophies to adequately use 5G for e-health use cases and its job to empower significant digital healthcare services. It's anything but a comprehensive conversation of the implementation issues, potential cures and future research bearings for 5G to lighten the health challenges related to COVID-19

A novel digital loop filter architecture for bang-bang ADPLL

[abstract not available

Modeling the response of Bang-Bang digital PLLs to phase error perturbations

[abstract not available