Altered glomerular permeability induced by F(ab′)2 and Fab′ antibodies to rat renal tubular epithelial antigen

Altered glomerular permeability induced by F(ab′)2 and Fab′ antibodies to rat renal tubular epithelial antigen. Rats injected with F(ab′)2 and Fab′ antibody fragments directed against an antigen in the rat proximal tubular epithelial brushborder (Fx1A) developed immediate proteinuria [F(ab′)2 43.2 ± 6.7, N = 6; Fab′ 9.5 ± 2.8, N = 5; normal 1.6 ± 0.9 mg/day, N = 20]), that subsided after 3 to 5 days' duration. This reaction is in contrast to one exhibited by rats given intact IgG anti-Fx1A; the rats that did not develop immediate proteinuria (2.2 ± 0.3 mg/day, N = 5), and the glomerular binding of125I-antibody fragments was significantly less than that of intact IgG [F(ab′)2 0.11 ± 0.01; Fab′ 0.03 ± 0.01; IgG 0.17 ± 0.01% administered equimolar dose] at 24 hr. No proteinuria resulted from equimolar doses of nonantibody F(ab′)2 and Fab′. Less than 8% of the proteinuria induced by antibody fragments represented injected material, and 30 to 38% was albumin. Immunofluorescence revealed faint and diffuse glomerular capillary wall deposits of F(ab′)2 and Fab′ and tubular brushborder staining. Subepithelial, electrondense deposits and focal, podocyte effacement were seen by electron microscopy in rats given the F(ab′)2 antibody. Light microscopy and colloidal iron-staining were normal. In our study antibody fragments appear to interact directly with components of the outer, glomerular capillary wall to alter permeability in the absence of recognized mediators such as complement and inflammatory cells.Modification de la perméabilité glomérulaire déterminée par anticorps chez des rats anti-épithélium tubulaire F(ab′)2 et Fab′. Les rats été injectés avec des fragments F(ab′)2 et Fab′ contra anticorps de la bordure en brosse de l'épithélium tubulaire proximal de rat (Fx1A) ont immédiatement une protéinurie [F(ab′)2 43,2 ± 6,7, N = 6; Fab′ 9,5 ± 2,8, N = 5; normaux 1,6 ± 0,9 mg/d, N = 20] qui persiste pendant 3 à 5 jours. Cela réaction est différent de ce qui est observé chez les rats qui reçoivent l'IgG anti-Fx1A intacte; les rats quelles n'ont pas de protéinurie immédiate (2,2 ± 0,3 mg/d, N = 5) quoiqu'à 24 heures la liaison glomérulaire de fragments125I de l'anticorps soit significativement plus faible que celle de I'IgG intacte [F(ab′)2 0,11 ± 0,01; Fab′ 0,03 ± 0,01; IgG 0,17 ± 0,01 en % de la dose équimolaire administrée]. Aucune protéinurie n'a été la conséquence de l'administration équimolaire de F(ab′)2 et Fab′ non-anticorps. Moins de 8% de la protéinurie déterminée par les fragments d'anticorps représentent du matériel injecté et 30 à 38% est de l'albumine. L'immunofluorescence a montré des dépôts faibles et diffus, sur les parois des capillaires giomérulaires, de F(ab′)2 et Fab′ et le marquage de la bordure en brosse. En électronique, des dépôts denses sous-épithéliaux et l'effacement local des podocytes ont été observés chez les rats qui avaient reçu l'anticorps F(ab′)2. La microscopie optique et la coloration par le fer colloïdal n'ont pas montré d'anomalies. Dans notre étude les fragments d'anticorps semblent avoir paroi externe du capillaire glomérulaire et avoir modifié la perméabilité en l'absence de médiateurs connus tels le complément ou les cellules inflammatoires

Evidence for tumor-specific immunity in human malignant melanoma

A case of cutaneous malignant melanoma metastatic to regional lymph nodes is presented. Blastoid transformation of lymphocytes in the presence of autochthonous tumour cells failed to occur when the lymphocytes were taken at the day of the operation. Lymphocytes, however, obtained 41 days postoperatively were stimulated by autochthonous tumor cells and the reaction was suppressed by autologous stored serum. It is concluded that lymphocyte transformation indicates cell bound tumor specific immunity which becomes demonstrable only after the removal of the primary tumor whereas the day of operation serum possibly contains blocking antibodies. © 1971.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Pneumonia caused by Gram-negative bacilli in hospitalized patients presenting malignant disease

Pneumonias due to Gram-negative bacilli are described in 37 patients with cancer who were admitted to a specialized center for cancer therapy over a 6-month period. Klebsiella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounted for most cases. The pneumonias represented 4·3% of all hospital admissions and accounted for 32% of the deaths occurring in the hospital over the study-period. The disease was much more frequent in men. All the infections, except two, were probably hospital-acquired, but those developing within six days of admission had a lower mortality rate (40%) than those developing later (70%). The overall mortality rate was 62% and mortality correlated best with the clinical severity of the underlying neoplasm. On X-ray study lower-lobe bronchopneumonias were characteristic but Klebsiella frequently involved the upper lobes. All three cases of pneumonia caused by Proteus were associated with empyemas. Associated purulent bronchitis was characteristic in Pseudomonas pneumonias. Post mortem examination was performed in 19 cases and showed interstitial pneumonias with polymorphonuclear infiltrates of alveoli and bronchial mucosa. Hemorrhages and necrosis were frequent in pneumonias caused by Klebsiella. Multiple antibiotic resistance was commonplace. Pathogenic strains isolated in early occurring pneumonias were more sensitive to antibiotics than bacteria isolated from pneumonias occurring later. The drug of choice here was gentamicin. © 1971.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Evaluation of extent of metastatic liver disease: A proposed discriminant

An attempt was made to predict the degree of metastatic liver involvement with the values of liver function tests obtained less than two months before death in 61 patients. Two mathematical models were tentatively used. The linear regression appeared to be unsuitable because lack of linearity was found after having adjusted the model to data. A discriminant function was calculated allowing proper redistribution into two anatomical groups ( 50% involvement) of 53 out of 61 patients. Implications for treatment and prognosis are briefly discussed. © 1971.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe