Nucleotide divergence (<i>Da</i>) of the ND4 fragment measured as the number of net nucleotide substitutions for <i>Lu</i>. <i>longipalpis</i> haplogroups (see Results) using the Jukes and Cantor correction (below diagonal), and pairwise F_ST comparisons between haplogroups (above diagonal).

<p>Nucleotide divergence (<i>Da</i>) of the ND4 fragment measured as the number of net nucleotide substitutions for <i>Lu</i>. <i>longipalpis</i> haplogroups (see <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006614#sec010" target="_blank">Results</a>) using the Jukes and Cantor correction (below diagonal), and pairwise F_ST comparisons between haplogroups (above diagonal).</p

Geographic distribution of <i>Lutzomyia longipalpis</i> complex specimens analyzed.

<p>Sampling sites for Argentinian specimens for which there are sequences for both gene fragments (triangles), for those sequences analyzed from GenBank for ND4 [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006614#pntd.0006614.ref016" target="_blank">16</a>, <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006614#pntd.0006614.ref042" target="_blank">42</a>] (circles), and those from GenBank for cyt <i>b</i> sequences [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006614#pntd.0006614.ref020" target="_blank">20</a>, <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006614#pntd.0006614.ref037" target="_blank">37</a>, <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006614#pntd.0006614.ref040" target="_blank">40</a>, <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006614#pntd.0006614.ref041" target="_blank">41</a>] (square). This map was generated using QGIS v.2.6.1 [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006614#pntd.0006614.ref061" target="_blank">61</a>].</p

Median-joining haplotype network of the <i>Lu</i>. <i>longipalpis</i> complex based on 261 nucleotides of the 3´ region of the cyt <i>b</i> gene.

<p>The circle size corresponds to the frequency of each haplotype. Intermediary haplotypes (missing intermediate haplotypes) are shown as red circles. Each line connecting haplotypes represents one mutational step, whereas numbers along the lines are total number of mutational steps between haplotypes. Colours indicate: orange = Clorinda; fuchsia = Corrientes city; turquoise = Puerto Iguazú; grey = San Ignacio; pink = Santo Tome; purple = Tartagal; white with blue outline = Venezuela; green = Brazil.</p

Genetic diversity indices for <i>Lu</i>. <i>longipalpis</i> populations from Argentina with the fragments ND4 and 3´cyt <i>b</i>.

<p>Genetic diversity indices for <i>Lu</i>. <i>longipalpis</i> populations from Argentina with the fragments ND4 and 3´cyt <i>b</i>.</p

Spatial distribution of Argentinian <i>Lutzomyia longipalpis</i> genetic clusters inferred with Geneland.

<p>The highest membership values are in green (cluster 1) and blue (cluster 2) to a low PP (light green and light blue to white). Cluster 1: Tartagal (Tar), Santo Tomé (ST), and San Ignacio (SI); Cluster 2: Corrientes city (Corr), Clorinda (Clo) and Puerto Iguazú (Ig). This map was generated using QGIS v.2.6.1 [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006614#pntd.0006614.ref061" target="_blank">61</a>].</p

Calibrated maximum-clade-credibility tree for the <i>Lu</i>. <i>longipalpis</i> complex using the 3´ region of the cyt <i>b</i> gene.

<p>The HKY + G model was used for a 261 base pair dataset. Numbers above each branch represent PP from the BI (≥ 0.95). <i>M</i>. <i>migonei</i> and <i>P</i>. <i>papatasi</i> were used as outgroup. The scale bar represents the line of time in million years ago (MYA) and the numbers indicated by arrows show the time estimate and the 95% HPD.</p

Calibrated maximum-clade-credibility tree for the <i>Lu</i>. <i>longipalpis</i> complex using the ND4 fragment.

<p>The HKY + G model was used for a 618 base pair dataset of the ND4 gene. Numbers above each branch represent PP obtained in the BI (≥ 0.95). <i>M</i>. <i>migonei</i> and <i>P</i>. <i>papatasi</i> were used as outgroup. The scale bar represents the line of time in million years ago (MYA) and the numbers indicated by arrows show the time estimate and the 95% HPD.</p