37 research outputs found
Quantum Renormalization of the Spin Hall Effect
By quantum Monte Carlo simulation of a realistic multiorbital Anderson
impurity model, we study the spin-orbit interaction (SOI) of an Fe impurity in
Au host metal. We show, for the first time, that the SOI is strongly
renormalized by the quantum spin fluctuation. Based on this mechanism, we can
explain why the gigantic spin Hall effect in Au with Fe impurities was observed
in recent experiment, while it is not visible in the anomalous Hall effect. In
addition, we show that the SOI is strongly renormalized by the Coulomb
correlation U. Based on this picture, we can explain past discrepancies in the
calculated orbital angular momenta for an Fe impurity in an Au host.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Enhanced spin Hall effect by resonant skew scattering in orbital-selective Kondo effect
The enhanced spin Hall effect in Au metal due to the resonant skew scattering
is studied with first-principles band structure calculations. Especially the
gigantic spin Hall angle observed recently (T.Seki et al.,
Nature Materials {\bf 7}, 125 (2008)) is attributed to the orbital-dependent
Kondo effect of Fe in the Au host metal, where the -orbitals are in the
mixed-valence region while -orbitals are in the Kondo limit. The enhanced
spin-orbit interaction by the electron correlation in the -orbitals
leads to the gigantic spin Hall effect. Impurities with 5d orbitals are also
discussed
The Impact of Tofogliflozin on Physiological and Hormonal Function, Serum Electrolytes, and Cardiac Diastolic Function in Elderly Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
The sodium glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor tofogliflozin is a glucose-lowering drug that causes the excretion of surplus glucose by inhibiting SGLT2. Because of tofogliflozin’s osmotic diuresis mechanism, patients’ serum electrolytes, body fluid levels, and cardiac function must be monitored. We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 64 elderly Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who received tofogliflozin for 3 months. Their HbA1c, serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride), hematocrit, brain natriuretic peptide (cardiac volume load marker) and renin and aldosterone (RAA; an index of regulatory hormones involved in body fluid retention) were continuously monitored during the investigation period. Renal function and cardiac function (by echocardiography) were assessed throughout the period. HbA1c significantly decreased (β1=−0.341, p<0.0001, linear regression analysis [LRA]). Most of the hormonal, electrolyte, and physiological parameters were maintained throughout the study period. In these circumstances, E/e’ tended to decrease (β1=−0.382, p=0.13, LRA). Compared to the baseline, E/e’ was significantly decreased at 1 and 3 months (p<0.01, p<0.05). In the higher E/e’ group (E/e’≥10, n=34), E/e’ decreased significantly (β1=−0.63, p<0.05, LRA). ΔE/e’ was correlated with body-weight change during treatment (r=0.64, p<0.01). The 3-month tofogliflozin treatment improved glycemic control and diastolic function represented by E/e’ in T2DM patients, without affecting serum electrolytes, renal function, or RAA. No negative impacts on the patients were observed. Three-month tofogliflozin treatment lowered glucose and improved cardiac diastolic function
Effects of genes increasing the number of spikelets per panicle, TAW1 and APO1, on yield and yield-related traits in rice
The genes TAWAWA1 (TAW1) and ABERRANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION1 (APO1) increase the number of spikelets per panicle (SN). In the present study, we examined the effects of these genes on morphological traits, yield, and yield-related traits including yield components using the near-isogenic lines (NILs) in the genetic background of a japonica rice variety, Koshihikari – NIL-taw1, NIL-apo1-D3, and NIL-apo1-D4 – in a field experiment. The SN and total number of spikelets per area of the three NILs were larger than those of Koshihikari. However, the yield of the three NILs did not exceed that of Koshihikari due to their low filling ability. Interestingly, our field experiments indicated that TAW1 did not affect the diameter of internodes and the PN, whereas APO1 decreased the PN and increased the diameter of internodes. These results suggest that TAW1 and APO1 differently affect yield-related traits