68 research outputs found
RDD2022: A multi-national image dataset for automatic Road Damage Detection
The data article describes the Road Damage Dataset, RDD2022, which comprises
47,420 road images from six countries, Japan, India, the Czech Republic,
Norway, the United States, and China. The images have been annotated with more
than 55,000 instances of road damage. Four types of road damage, namely
longitudinal cracks, transverse cracks, alligator cracks, and potholes, are
captured in the dataset. The annotated dataset is envisioned for developing
deep learning-based methods to detect and classify road damage automatically.
The dataset has been released as a part of the Crowd sensing-based Road Damage
Detection Challenge (CRDDC2022). The challenge CRDDC2022 invites researchers
from across the globe to propose solutions for automatic road damage detection
in multiple countries. The municipalities and road agencies may utilize the
RDD2022 dataset, and the models trained using RDD2022 for low-cost automatic
monitoring of road conditions. Further, computer vision and machine learning
researchers may use the dataset to benchmark the performance of different
algorithms for other image-based applications of the same type (classification,
object detection, etc.).Comment: 16 pages, 20 figures, IEEE BigData Cup - Crowdsensing-based Road
damage detection challenge (CRDDC'2022
RESULTS OF EATON AND LITTLER'S LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION FOR INSTABILITY OF THE FIRST CARPOMETACARPAL JOINT
This study presents the cases of Eaton and Littler's ligament reconstruction
for the treatment of instability of lst CM joint resulting from early stage osteoarthritis
(Group OA), trauma (Group T), and a part of generalized joint laxity (Group GJL) in 21
joints of 20 cases. Omitting six cases with less than one year follow-up, 15 joints in 14 cases
were analyzed. Clinically, hypermobility pain was improved in all joints. However, eight
out of 14 patients felt their joints stretched, but still had the normal range of motion. Grip
power and pinch power was significantly improved (P<0.01, P<0.05). Comparing each
group, only Group T revealed a significant difference between preoperative and postoper-
ative grip power (P<0.01). In increase of grip power, Group T were more significantly
improved than Group OA (P<0.01) and Group GJL (P<0.05). Radiographically, postoper-
ative stages of 4 joints in 4 cases out of 8 cases which felt stretched progressed from their
preoperative stages. We assumed that the newly reconstructed ligament may be strong
enough to maintain the stability of 1st CM joint and ligament reconstruction is most
effective in treating post-traumatic instability
RESULTS OF EATON AND LITTLER'S LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION FOR INSTABILITY OF THE FIRST CARPOMETACARPAL JOINT
This study presents the cases of Eaton and Littler's ligament reconstruction
for the treatment of instability of lst CM joint resulting from early stage osteoarthritis
(Group OA), trauma (Group T), and a part of generalized joint laxity (Group GJL) in 21
joints of 20 cases. Omitting six cases with less than one year follow-up, 15 joints in 14 cases
were analyzed. Clinically, hypermobility pain was improved in all joints. However, eight
out of 14 patients felt their joints stretched, but still had the normal range of motion. Grip
power and pinch power was significantly improved (P<0.01, P<0.05). Comparing each
group, only Group T revealed a significant difference between preoperative and postoper-
ative grip power (P<0.01). In increase of grip power, Group T were more significantly
improved than Group OA (P<0.01) and Group GJL (P<0.05). Radiographically, postoper-
ative stages of 4 joints in 4 cases out of 8 cases which felt stretched progressed from their
preoperative stages. We assumed that the newly reconstructed ligament may be strong
enough to maintain the stability of 1st CM joint and ligament reconstruction is most
effective in treating post-traumatic instability
A Chandrasekhar Mass Progenitor for the Type Ia Supernova Remnant 3C 397 from The Enhanced Abundances of Nickel and Manganese
Despite decades of intense efforts, many fundamental aspects of Type Ia
supernova (SNe Ia) remain elusive. One of the major open questions is whether
the mass of the exploding white dwarf (WD) is close to the Chandrasekhar limit.
Here we report the detection of strong K-shell emission from stable Fe-peak
elements in the Suzaku X-ray spectrum of the Type Ia supernova remnant (SNR) 3C
397. The high Ni/Fe and Mn/Fe mass ratios (0.11-0.24 and 0.018-0.033,
respectively) in the hot plasma component that dominates the K-shell emission
lines indicate a degree of neutronization in the SN ejecta which can only be
achieved by electron captures in the dense cores of exploding WDs with a
near-Chandrasekhar mass. This suggests a single-degenerate origin for 3C 397,
since Chandrasekhar mass progenitors are expected naturally if the WD accretes
mass slowly from a companion. Together with other results supporting the
double-degenerate scenario, our work adds to the mounting evidence that both
progenitor channels make a significant contribution to the SN Ia rate in
star-forming galaxies.Comment: Accepted by ApJL; 6 pages with 4 figures and 1 tabl
Crowdsensing-based Road Damage Detection Challenge (CRDDC-2022)
This paper summarizes the Crowdsensing-based Road Damage Detection Challenge
(CRDDC), a Big Data Cup organized as a part of the IEEE International
Conference on Big Data'2022. The Big Data Cup challenges involve a released
dataset and a well-defined problem with clear evaluation metrics. The
challenges run on a data competition platform that maintains a real-time online
evaluation system for the participants. In the presented case, the data
constitute 47,420 road images collected from India, Japan, the Czech Republic,
Norway, the United States, and China to propose methods for automatically
detecting road damages in these countries. More than 60 teams from 19 countries
registered for this competition. The submitted solutions were evaluated using
five leaderboards based on performance for unseen test images from the
aforementioned six countries. This paper encapsulates the top 11 solutions
proposed by these teams. The best-performing model utilizes ensemble learning
based on YOLO and Faster-RCNN series models to yield an F1 score of 76% for
test data combined from all 6 countries. The paper concludes with a comparison
of current and past challenges and provides direction for the future.Comment: 9 pages 2 figures 5 tables. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:2011.0874
Discriminating the Progenitor Type of Supernova Remnants with Iron K-Shell Emission
Supernova remnants (SNRs) retain crucial information about both their parent
explosion and circumstellar material left behind by their progenitor. However,
the complexity of the interaction between supernova ejecta and ambient medium
often blurs this information, and it is not uncommon for the basic progenitor
type (Ia or core-collapse) of well-studied remnants to remain uncertain. Here
we present a powerful new observational diagnostic to discriminate between
progenitor types and constrain the ambient medium density of SNRs solely using
Fe K-shell X-ray emission. We analyze all extant Suzaku observations of SNRs
and detect Fe K alpha emission from 23 young or middle-aged remnants, including
five first detections (IC 443, G292.0+1.8, G337.2-0.7, N49, and N63A). The Fe K
alpha centroids clearly separate progenitor types, with the Fe-rich ejecta in
Type Ia remnants being significantly less ionized than in core-collapse SNRs.
Within each progenitor group, the Fe K alpha luminosity and centroid are well
correlated, with more luminous objects having more highly ionized Fe. Our
results indicate that there is a strong connection between explosion type and
ambient medium density, and suggest that Type Ia supernova progenitors do not
substantially modify their surroundings at radii of up to several parsecs. We
also detect a K-shell radiative recombination continuum of Fe in W49B and IC
443, implying a strong circumstellar interaction in the early evolutionary
phases of these core-collapse remnants.Comment: Accepted by ApJL; 5 pages with just 1 table and 1 figur
The ASTRO-H X-ray Observatory
The joint JAXA/NASA ASTRO-H mission is the sixth in a series of highly
successful X-ray missions initiated by the Institute of Space and Astronautical
Science (ISAS). ASTRO-H will investigate the physics of the high-energy
universe via a suite of four instruments, covering a very wide energy range,
from 0.3 keV to 600 keV. These instruments include a high-resolution,
high-throughput spectrometer sensitive over 0.3-2 keV with high spectral
resolution of Delta E < 7 eV, enabled by a micro-calorimeter array located in
the focal plane of thin-foil X-ray optics; hard X-ray imaging spectrometers
covering 5-80 keV, located in the focal plane of multilayer-coated, focusing
hard X-ray mirrors; a wide-field imaging spectrometer sensitive over 0.4-12
keV, with an X-ray CCD camera in the focal plane of a soft X-ray telescope; and
a non-focusing Compton-camera type soft gamma-ray detector, sensitive in the
40-600 keV band. The simultaneous broad bandpass, coupled with high spectral
resolution, will enable the pursuit of a wide variety of important science
themes.Comment: 22 pages, 17 figures, Proceedings of the SPIE Astronomical
Instrumentation "Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Ultraviolet to
Gamma Ray
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