Environmental fragility in the Sahel

A companion to the OECD States of Fragility 2022 report, this paper analyses the drivers and effects of climate and environmental risks in the Sahel,focusing on increasing food insecurity, rapid urbanisation and intensified mining. It outlines options for improved policy responses by providers of development co-operation

How does climate exacerbate root causes of conflict in Ethiopia: An impact pathway analysis

"This factsheet gives answers on how climate exacerbates root causes of conflict in Sudan, using an impact pathway analysis. Two main impact pathways are identified: 1. Resource Access and Availability: Climate variability and extreme events are depleting Ethiopia’s land and water resources, exacerbating resource-based conflicts. Resource conflicts over land are often the basis for ethnic violence between communities competing for territory and power in the Ethiopian federal system. 2. Livelihood and Food Security: Most of Ethiopia’s land is vulnerable to climate extremes that affect food availability. Local food insecurity hotspots in Tigray, Somali, and Afar correlate with higher conflict frequency, making them vulnerable to climate security risks.

Climate Security Pathway Analysis: Senegal

Rising temperatures, increasing rainfall variability and ocean acidification are reducing crop yields, livestock productivity and fish stocks with detrimental effects over livelihoods and food security (as illustrated in the pathways). The Sahelian drought of the 1970s and 1980s proved to have a devastating impact, particularly for rural communities who witnessed the loss of land, the reduced availability of water resources, crop losses, livestock death and an overall intensification of food insecurity. Many of these rural households were forced to migrate to the main urban centres. At the present, worsening climate conditions and the increasing number of extreme weather events may, once again, have a strong detrimental impact on natural resources availability as well as on livelihoods by exacerbating existing risks and vulnerabilities. This impact can be categorised in two main pathways: - Livelihood and food insecurity (Pathway #1). - Resource availability and access (Pathway #2). This paper presents these pathways in detai

Climate Security Policy Coherence and Awareness Analysis Report: West Africa and Senegal

This report aims to contribute to this need by conducting a climate security policy coherence and awareness assessment of policy and strategy documents extracted from climate-and peace and security-related sectors produced at the national level in Senegal. It will do so by making use of a policy assessment framework developed specifically for the purpose of assessing coherence and climate security-sensitivity

Climate Security Policy Coherence and Awareness Analysis Report: East Africa and Kenya

This report summarises a climate security policy coherence and awareness assessment of policy and strategy documents extracted from climate-and peace and security-related sectors produced at the national level in Kenya. It makes use of a policy assessment framework developed specifically for the purpose of assessing coherence and climate security-sensitivity

To what extent do policies from across 5 countries in the Middle East and North Africa region integrate climate-related security concerns and risks?

This factsheet presents the main results of a policy coherence analysis focused on climate security in Middle East and North Afric

How does climate exacerbate root causes of conflict in Mali?

This factsheet gives answers on how climate exacerbates root causes of conflict in Mali, using an impact pathway analysis. Two main impact pathways are identified: 1. Livelihood and Food Security: Climate variability and extreme weather events undermine the viability of climate-sensitive livelihoods dependent on natural resources such as livestock, agriculture, and fishery. While seasonal migration has been a frequent adaptation strategy, migration patterns are becoming more permanent, leading to increased competition in host communities. At the same time, livelihood insecurity has been a driver for recruitment into non-state armed groups, exacerbating conflict dynamics.; 2. Resource Availability and Access: Climate change and variability impact resource availability and environmental conditions, contributing to an increase in the competition over the access and use of natural resources, reducing levels of social cohesion, and increasing conflicts between and among different livelihood groups. Disputes for access and use of limited resource availability concerns mostly land and water sources, crucial for Mali’s agricultural sector

Is climate exacerbating the root causes of conflict in Mali? A climate security analysis through a structural equation modeling approach

This peer-reviewed article examines the link between climate variability and conflict in Mali. It advances the argument that climate is a threat multiplier, other words, climate indirectly affects conflict occurrence through numerous pathway

Community voices on Climate and Security: Summary results for Senegal

"This report summarizes preliminary results from fieldwork research conducted in Senegal during November, 2022. It is meant to expand our comprehension of climate-related security risks in Senegal, by examining the way local communities capitalise on everyday experience to develop a shared understanding around the effects of climate change over their livelihoods and wellbeing, along with the insecurity problems they collectively face. Ongoing community-level responses are also discussed, identifying short-term coping and long-term adaptive strategies which have most successfully enhanced local capacities towards managing climate risks, along with those which are currently being overwhelmed. This evidence on adaptive strategies is then used as a base to propose solutions based on collective action, through a reflective dialogue with community members, meant to address climate-related security risks and to challenge institutional structures that sustain the underlying causes of vulnerability.

Towards a Shared Vision of the Climate Security Nexus in Senegal: A joint report to inform the National Climate Change Action Plan for Senegal

This report explores the complex climate-security nexus in Senegal while documenting on the Climate Security Workshop, held in Dakar in October 2022. The Climate Security workshop, organized as part of the CGIAR’s initiative Building Systemic Resilience against Climate Extremes and Variability (ClimBeR) and co-hosted by the African Group of Negotiators Experts Support (AGNES), brought together actors involved with either climate and security issues in Senegal, and more broadly in the Sahel, to discuss Senegal's security architecture and its relationship with climate. The aim of the workshop was to inform national and sub-national policies and investments to build agricultural resilience and foster climate-resilient peace. Through three facilitated focus group discussions, the different stakeholders working around climate and security issues shared their experiences of how climate impacts influence the environmental, social, economic, and political processes that lead to conflict and insecurity